Using the computer program SIMION 6, we have studied the effects of spurious insulator charging on the trajectories of electrons through electrostatic tube lenses. We considered lens elements with flat ends, spaced a distance g apart, whose inner diameter Dϭ10g. For the standard cases of drift tubes, two-element lenses, and einzel lenses, we found that charging effects are eliminated if t/gϾ3.5, where t is the distance between the lens inner diameter and the charged spacing insulator.
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