Досліджено характер успадкування морфологічних ознак у простих і бекросних гібридів F 1 тa F 2 спельти з м'якою пшеницею. Підтверджено, що в простих гібридів T. spelta T. aestivum морфологічні ознаки рослин, зокрема форма колоса, голозерність, остистість колоса і висота рослини успадковуються моногенно. Виявлено адитивну взаємодію генів спельти та м'якої пшениці, які детермінують ознаку кількості колосків у колосі, що приводить до вірогідного збільшення їх числа. У бекросних гібридів, у яких переважав геном однієї з батьківських форм, зафіксовано відхилення від теоретично очікуваного розщеплення ознак. Встановлено, що зі збільшенням кількості генів спельти у бекросного гібрида зростають відмінності від м'якої пшениці і параметри колоса наближаються до ознак спельти.
Aim. Determination of allelic status of genes in samples of winter spelt and bread wheat varieties and their interspecific hybrids, as well as a comparative analysis of specific combinations of loci and characteristics of grain quality. Methods. We used the method of multiplexed PCR. Results. DNA analysis of allelic status of genes of loci Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 in samples of winter spelt and their interspecific hybrids with bread wheat samples allowed to isolate spelt and hybrid combinations that could be promising for further breeding. It was shown that the allele d of locus Glu-D1 improves the baking properties of hybrids. Conclusions. Genetic improvement spelt by interspecific hybridization with varieties of bread wheat that contain only d allele of locus Glu-D1 can give rise to lines with high protein and good baking qualities.Keywords: Triticum spelta L., T. aestivum L., PCR, loci Glu-1, PCR-analysis.
Aim. Determination of the allelic composition of Glu-1 loci in samples of rare wheat species and their hybrids with spring bread wheat. Methods. PCR analysis. Results. In existing collection samples of the rare wheat species the alleles of the a/c loci Glu-A1 were found, while allele b was found only in T.dicoccum, var. volgense (Emmer Kokchetavskaya). An additional amplicon with a length of 450 bp was found in the Glu-A1 locus in the sample (T. dicoccum × Dasypyrum villosum), and in (Ae. ventricosa × T. dicoccum) another one a length of 700 bp in genome B, was found require further research. Among hexaploid wheat, it was revealed genotypes differing in the presence of alleles a and d of the locus Glu-D1. The hybridity of the received forms has been confirmed, as evidenced by the identification of both parent components in the hybrids or alleles of the Glu-D1 locus of bread wheat in hybrids with emmer. Conclusions. Analysis of the allele composition of Glu1 locuses in samples of rare wheat species and their hybrids with bread wheat allowed to select genotypes and hybrid combinations that may be promising for further breeding work.
Keywords: Triticum spelta L., T. dicoccum, hybrids, PCR analysis, Glu-1 locus.
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