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The application of urea phosphate, urea nitrate and thoiurea to a silty clay soil from Nile Delta (pH 7.4, 1,9% CaCO3) inhibited soil urease activity if compared to urea. The nitrification process of ammonia formed from urea hydrolysis was retarded. The use of these urea derivatives eliminated nitrite accumulation and greatly retarded nitrate formation with increased recovery of urea-N throughout the experimental period. Gaseous losses of urea-N as ammonia or by denitrification were reduced. These derivatives may be much more advantageous than urea if fertilizer effeciency is to be increased. Urnwandlungen und Effekte von Harustoff-Derivaten im BodenIn Modellversuchen wurde der EinfluS von Harnstoffphosphat, Harnstoffnitrat und Thioharnstoff auf die Ureaseaktivitat, Ammoniumbildung und Nitrifikation (Nitrit-und Nitratfreisetzung) im Vergleich zu Harnstoff mit Hilfe eines Tonbodens (pH 7,4; C, = 1,9 %; CaCO3 = 1,9 %) iiber eine

The combined effect of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) and Rhizobium on the cold season legumes, lentil and faba bean, as well as on summer legume, soybean, were studied in soils with low indeginous VA mycorrhizal spores. Inoculation of the plant with VA mycorrhizal fungi increased the level of mycorrhizal root infection of lentil, faba bean and soybean. The inoculation with Rhizobium had no significant effect on VA mycorrhizal infection percent, but VA mycorrhizal inoculation increased nodulation of the three legumes.The inoculation with Rhizobium alone significantly increased plant dry weight and N content of lentil and faba bean as well as seed yield of soybean. VA mycorrhizal inoculation also significantly increased plant dry weight and phosphorus content of the plants as did fertilization with superphosphate. Rock phosphate fertilization, however, had no significant effect on plant growth or phosphorus uptake. The addition of rock phosphate in combination with VA mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased plant dry weight and P uptake of the plants.The dual inoculation with both rhizobia and mycorrhizae induced more significant increases in plant dry weight, N and P content of lentil and faba bean as well as seed yield of soybean than inoculation with either VA mycorrhizae or Rhizobium alone.

Baϲkgrοund: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Because of its effect on both dopamine and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) channels, amantadine has been one of the most commonly prescribed medications for patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after traumatic brain injury. Preliminary studies have suggested that amantadine may promote functional recovery. οƅjeϲtives: The aim οf this study was tο determine the effeϲtiveness οf amantadine sulfate in improving the outcome of patients with mοderate and severe TBI. Patients and methοds: Ninty patients with moderate to severe TBI were randοmly allοϲated intο twο grοups [45 patients eaϲh]. Grοup A reϲeived the usual prοtοϲοl οf management οf head injury in οur ICU, grοup B reϲeived the usual prοtοϲοl οf management οf head injury plus amantadine sulfate i.v infusiοn 200 mg/12 hοurs fοr 14 days. Cliniϲal data οf all patients were reϲοrded in the admissiοn sheets οf the ICU. The GCS was used to assess level οf ϲοnsϲiοusness. It was recorded on admission, end of the 1 st week , 2 nd week and 4 th week of taruma. Patients outcome were assessed at the end οf the 4 th week with GOS in both groups. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between both groups in GCS on admission to the ICU. While at the end of the 1 st , 2 nd week and4 th week, both groups showed improvement in GCS, however, amantadine group showed better GCS (p<0.005) compared to the other group. Also, patients in amantadine group showed better outcome (GOS) in comparison with the other group at the end of the 4 th week. Cοnϲlusiοn: amantadine can improve the outcome of patients with moderate and severe TBI.

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The survival and persistence of three B. japonicum inoculant strains USDA 110, USDA 138 and TAL 379 were studied in a clay loam Nile valley soil. The inoculated field plots in the summer of 1985 were sown with soybean again in 1986 season. No inoculation in the season of 1986 was conducted and the plants were left to nodulate with the persisted cells of the inocula strains applied a year before. The soil had no background of B.japonicum, however, some nodules were formed on the control plants due to the carryover of the strains with water circulation and some other agricultural practices.The results indicate the persistence of all applied inoculant strains until the next planting season in 1986 with strain USDA 110 being higher in the rhizosphere of the plants than the other two strains. The population dynamics of the three strains in both growing seasons followed the same trend with maximum rhizosphere colonization at blooming stage. While strain USDA 110 was as high in 1986 season as in 1985 season, the counts of both strains USDA 138 and TAL 379 were much lower in 1986 season.The significant response to inoculation recorded in the 1985 season was extended to the 1986 growing season. Although nodulation and seed yield still differed significantly in 1986 season from the control uninoculated plots, no significant differences were found among the strains or their mixtures.The results of the competition between the strains in the two seasons showed that strain USDA 110 was more competitive than strains USDA 138 and TAL 379. The competition patterns in the second season were not markedly different from those of the first season. The predominance of strain USDA 110 in nodules was not correlated with a numerical advantage of that strain over other strains in the host rhizosphere.

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