Fish by-products were fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum at 30ºC using molasses as carbohydrate source. The ensilage process was completed after 30 days and at the end, a desirable and stable pH (4.5) was attained. Dried tomato by-product meal (TBM) and potato by-product meal (PBM) were used as alternative filler and blended with the liquid silage (40:30:30 w/w) and sun-dried. The resulting dried silage meal was included in the experimental diets to replace 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50% of dietary protein (by weight) in isonitrogenous (30% CP) and isocaloric (2700 kcal ME/kg) pelleted diets. No significant differences were found for apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) up to 30% inclusion level, while the highest inclusion levels (40 or 50%) significantly reduced ADC for DM, CP, EE and NFE. In a 90-day growth trial, the replacing of dietary protein by fish silage protein up to 30% of dietary protein in tilapia diet had no significant effect on growth performance including final body weight (BW), body length (BL), condition factor (K), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR). The highest replacing levels (40 or 50%) significantly (P<0.001) reduced BW, BL, K, WG and SGR. Results of growth were relatively parallel to those of feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) indicating the possibility of replacing 30% of dietary protein by fermented silage in Nile tilapia diets to reduce feed costs. DM and CP contents of the whole fish for the different experimental fish groups were not significantly affected while EE in whole fish body was significantly decreased with increasing the inclusion levels of silage in the diets and the opposite trend was observed for ash content. From economic view, results obtained in the present study indicated the possibility of replacing 30% of dietary protein by silage in tilapia diets without adverse effect on growth or feed utilization parameters and this replacement reduced feed costs/kg diet and feed costs/kg weight gain by 22.43 and 22.02%, respectively.

This work was carried out at the experimental animal center belonging to Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University through the period from July 2017 to the end of February 2018 to study the effect of season of year on behavior, reproductive and productive performance of breeding rabbits using 24 New Zealand White rabbits (18 females & 6 males) with age of 7 months. These animals were randomly assigned to two equal groups. One of these groups was reared during summer season under hot ambient temperature ranged from 28.7° C to 31.8° C and relative humidity ranged from 44.1 to 65.7 %, while the other group was reared during winter season under temperature ranged from 13° C to 20.4° C and relative humidity ranged from 51.55 to 63.3 %. All rabbits were reared under the same managerial conditions. Does were mated with mature bucks. Rabbits under heat stress during summer season showed low frequency of feeding, grooming and investigatory behaviors and low birth & weaning weight of kids. While there was no effect of the season on gestation length, litter size at birth ,conception rate, kindling rate or mortality rate. from this work, we can conclude that the behavior, reproductive and productive performance were negatively affected during summer season than during winter season.

The practical work of the present experiments was carried out at the World Fish Center, Abbassa, Abou Hammad, Sharkia, Egypt. The experiment aimed to investigate the effect of spawning month (April and May), dietary protein level (25 or 35%) and protection of spawning tanks (covering or uncovering of the spawning tanks) on fry production and average fry weight of the Nile tilapia. The obtained results can be summarized as follow:-Fry production/tank were found to be 6462 and 19082/tank during the two months April and May, 10719 and 14824/tank for the two dietary protein levels, 25 and 35% and 16428 and 9115 fry/tank for the covered and uncovered tanks, respectively and the differences in fry production due to the effect of spawning month, dietary protein content and tank protection were significant.-Averages of individual fry weight as affected by month, dietary protein levels and pond protection were found to be 0.025 and 0.016 g during the two months April and May, 0.021 and 0.019 g for the two dietary protein levels, 25 and 35% and 0.018 and 0.023 g for the covered and uncovered tanks, respectively. Spawning month and tank protection significantly affected individual fry weight while dietary protein levels had no significant effect on fry weight.-The interaction between the studied factors affected individual fry weight of the Nile tilapia indicated that the highest average individual fry weight was recorded for fish group raised in covered tanks and received the lower protein content during April. On the other hand, the lowest average individual fry weight was recorded for broodfish raised in an uncovered tanks and received the higher protein level (35%) in May.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of period of the day on the behavior of adult breeding ostriches (Struthio camelus) in a farming environment. A twenty-one mature African black neck breed ostriches (7 males and14 females) were used .The birds were divided into 7 groups(1male:2 females)per group. The observations were carried out at three different periods; morning (8:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m), at noon (11:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m) and at afternoon (4:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m). Feeding, drinking, walking, running, thermoregulation, body care and aggressive behaviors were recorded following through number of individuals observed to be in the act of pattern at 30seconds interval during the observation session (5 minutes). The order of observation was randomized for each group .By this system of rotation with in the periods of days we have a sheet of three daily periods as reprehensive to the week. When the periods noon/afternoon were compared, there was significant differences in walking, running, drinking water, eating ration, litophagia, dancing, sand bathing. It was observed that the behavior of ostriches differ according to day period.