A novel detection method combining on-line liquid chromatography-accurate radioisotope counting (LC-ARC, advanced stop flow controller) coupled with a radioactivity detector and mass spectrometer has been developed. One of the major benefits of this method is that this system enhances the sensitivity of radioisotope measurement for metabolite identification in drug metabolism studies. Another advantage to this system is the easy interface with the mass spectrometer, which allows acquisition of mass spectrometric data on-line. For purposes of evaluating this system, in vitro microsomal incubations with [3Hlpropranolol were conducted. On-line separation and identification of [3H]propranolol metabolites was achieved without intensive sample preparation, concentration, or fraction collection. Mass spectrometric analysis showed the presence of propranolol major metabolites formed by hydroxylation, correlating with previously published results. Further evaluations of this system also were conducted using two 14C compounds, which are herein labeled X and Y. As our results show, 14C peaks were detected down to 6 cpm, which is approximately 20 times more sensitive than commercially available flow through radioactivity detectors. The overall results suggest that the combination of LC-ARC with radioactivity detection and mass spectrometry has great potential as a powerful tool for improving the sensitivity of radioisotope measurement in metabolite identification studies during drug discovery and development.

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A lipophilic derivative of the known GABA uptake inhibitor guvacine has been prepared. The synthesis of this compound, [1-[2-bis[4-(trifluoromethyl)]phenyl]-methoxy]ethylj-l,2,5,6-tetrahydro-3-pyridine carboxylic acid, monohydrochloride, Cl-966, is described. Studies were carried out to determine the metabolic profile of Cl-966 in rats. Two metabolites, one less polar and the other more polar than Cl-966, were identified and their structures assigned by spectroscopic methods and confirmed by comparison to synthetic material.

Single-dose administration of 50 mg of 1-[2-[bis[4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy]ethyl]-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-3- pyridinecarboxylic acid monohydrochloride resulted in temporary neurological and psychological symptoms in two subjects. Because of the nature of adverse effects, urine from a subject who received CI-966 orally was extracted to investigate the metabolism of CI-966 in man. An unknown urinary component was identified as a pyridinium metabolite of CI-966 based on HPLC-MS and 1H and 19F NMR. Structural confirmation was achieved by chromatographic and spectroscopic comparisons to a reference standard. In several in vitro screens and preclinical studies, the pyridinium metabolite appears to possess minimal pharmacological activity.

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Comparison of glycolysis in Brugia pahangi and Onchocerca volvulus by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed that the former organism is predominantly a lactate fermenter and the latter resembles more closely the metabolism of a mixed acid fermenter producing lactate, succinate, acetate, ethanol, formate and carbon dioxide. Both organisms synthesize glycogen as a storage carbohydrate. Glutaminolysis in both organisms proceeds by the delta-amino-butyrate shunt to produce succinate which is then further metabolized to acetate and carbon dioxide as end-products.

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