Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by emerald-srm:215438 [] For AuthorsIf you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-bacterial anti-fungal activity of six Lamiaceae family coleus plants based on their traditional uses (breast-milk stimulants) from two Asian countries (Malaysia and Indonesia). Design/methodology/approach -Plants leaves of coleus species were collected from Kuantan (Malaysia) and Jakarta (Indonesia). From Kuantan, Coleus aromaticus -Malaysia (CATM), Pogostemon cablin -Malaysia (PCM), Coleus blumei-purple leaves -Malaysia (CBPM), Coleus blumei-red leaves -Malaysia (CBRM), Coleus amboinicus -Malaysia (CALM) and from Jakarta Coleus amboinicus -Indonesia (CALI) were collected freeze dried and extracted with aqueous methanol. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was determined by making use of macro dilution and disc diffusion methods. The selected bacteria and fungus used were namely Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive) and Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative) and Candida albicans (a fungi). Findings -All leaf extracts showed activity at least against one strain of bacteria and the result shows that there were significant differences ( p , 0.05) between the activities on microorganism. The minimum inhibitory concentration of all leaves extracts ranged from 1.0 to 2.0 mg/ml in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis. This study shows that the coleus plants leaves can be used as anti-bacterial anti-fungal agent apart from the breast-milk stimulation properties.Research limitations/implications -This research was carried out with a limited grant and it was not possible to study some more aspects, for example, the composition and the active components isolation, etc. Furthermore, to establish the relationship among the components and bacteria or fungus, etc. Practical implications -This research would have greater impact since the leaves of coleus plants are already in use in some communities for the purpose of breast-milk stimulation and insect bite therapy and many more. Originality/value -This research takes into consideration the effec...
The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of adding extract of Pomegranate peels (PPE) on the mechanical, reservation and antioxidant properties of edible chitosan films. The findings showed that the chitosan film, supported by pomegranate peels, possessed distinctive properties, as the thickness, tensile strength, elongation, oxygen permeability, and permeability of water vapor and solubility were 60 µm, 27.6 (Mpa),18.3%,30.13(ml / m2* day), 2.91(g.mm/day.m2KPa), 23.12% respectively, whereas in the control film they were 30 µm, 19.2 (Mpa),10.6%, 60.47(ml / m2* day), 2.30(g.mm/day.m2KPa), 26.50% respectively. Edible films incorporated with Pomegranate peels extract showed an antioxidant activity of 66.42% compared to the standard antioxidant BHA (Butylated hydroxyl anisole) and Ascorbic acid which were 27.44% and 80.54%, respectively.In respect to the optical proprieties the ?E value of control film samples was 8.7%,and (L, a, b) (26.46,40.01, 2.02) respectively, while for the supported Sample ?E was 26.37% (L, a, b) (72.24,1.09,5.30) respectively.
The influence of effective microorganisms (EM), microbial inoculant containing yeasts, fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes was evaluated in field trials of Aerob 1 paddy cultivation in Jasin, Melaka. Aerobic paddy is a new way of rice cultivation in areas where water resources have been scare and affected by the climate change. As water shortage and climate change is becoming severe, the technology of growing rice with aerobic rice systems need to be further refined or developed to ensure the quality of rice production in water-short areas. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of additional EM on the growth pattern, and to evaluate the efficiency of EM uptake on the aerobic plant. This experiment was carried out by using random controlled Randomized Controlled Block Design (RCBD) consisted of three treatments with two replications in four blocks. Aerobic seed cv. Aeron1 was used as planting materials and has been applied by three different treatments of EM during vegetative growth. The treatment for this study was T1 = 1.8 g NPK with urea (control) while T2 was 1.8 g NPK and T3, with 0.9 g NP with 100 mL of EM respectively during 15 (early vegetative stage) and 45 DAS (late vegetative stage). The RCBD experimental design was used with two replications in each treatment in four blocks. There are three series of harvesting (35, 50 and 60 DAS) was conducted throughout this study. The growth parameter studied was shoot and root dry biomass, number of tillers, RGR at each of harvesting. Our finding revealed that the application of EM did not improve plant growth parameter but the growth pattern of T2 and T3 showed steady improvement, although not significant compared to T1. The application of EM at different growth stages did not enhance the relative plant growth rate of Aeron 1 under aerobic condition, but in comparison to T1 and T2, T3 treatment with 50% reduction of NPK and EM could significantly reduce the cost of land management and fertilizer.
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