The aqueous and organic leaves extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca and Moringa oleifera traditionally used for the treatment of infectious disease were tested for their activity against Salmonella typhi isolated from blood clot culture using the disc diffusion method. Extracts of B. aegyptiaca demonstrated higher activity (16 mm zone of inhibition) than those of Moringa oleifera (8 mm zone of inhibition) at 100 mg/ml. Of the three solvents used, ethanolic extracts of both plants demonstrated the highest activity, while the aqueous extracts showed the least activity at 100 mg/ml. The activities of these plant extracts were comparable to those of antibiotics, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol, commonly used for treating typhoid fever. The antibacterial activity appears to increase when extracts of the two plants were used in combination at 100 mg/ml each (18 mm zone of inhibition). Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that both plant extracts contains saponins, tannins and phenols while only M. oleifera possesses alkaloids and B. aegyptiaca possesses anthraquinones. The antibacterial activities of the extracts on S. typhi was reasonably stable when treated at 4, 30, 60 and 100 o C for 1 h, however it reduces significantly when the pH was altered towards alkalinity.

Phytochemical and antibacterial activity of leaves of Alstonia scholaris R.Br. was investigated. The different solvent extracts showed the presence of Iridoids, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, leucoanthocyanins, reducing sugars, simple phenolics, steroids, saponins and tannins. Antibacterial activity was tested against both Gram +ve and -ve organisms. The methanol leaves extract exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against tested organisms. Maximum activity was exhibited against Bacillus subtilis followed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Chloroform and acetone leaf extracts exhibited lesser activity, while petroleum ether extract showed no inhibition.

Inflamasi merupakan salah satu respon imun bawaan yang berperan dalam sistem pertahanan terhadap senyawa asing. Dalam penelitian terdahulu telah diketahui bahwa ekstrak daun jambu mawar memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui senyawa kandidat dari daun jambu mawar yang memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi melalui interaksi terhadap reseptor TNF-α dan enzim iNOS. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode in silico yaitu penambatan molekul untuk memprediksi afinitas senyawa-senyawa daun jambu mawar terhadap iNOS dengan kode: 1NSI dan TNF-α dengan kode: 3EWJ. Hasil penambatan molekul menunjukkan senyawa methyl (4R,9R,10R,15R)-4-(cyanomethyl)-4,9,10–trimethyl-3-[2-methyl-1-oxo-1-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)propan-2-yl]-15-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3,5,6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-13-carboxylate memiliki afinitas lebih baik dari ligan alaminya dengan nilai ΔG -13,65 kkal/mol pada residu asam amino GLY346 dan LEU348 reseptor TNF-α, dan menunjukkan senyawa alpha-Tocopherol-beta-D-mannoside memiliki afinitas terbaik dengan nilai ΔG -10,53 kkal/mol pada residu asam amino TRP372 reseptor enzim iNOS. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua senyawa ini merupakan kandidat yang paling potensial sebagai antiinflamasi.