These findings suggested that morin is a promising candidate for the development of anti-virulence therapeutic agents for the treatment of Staph. aureus infections.

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Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is a useful tool in investigation for super-resolution realm. By silencing the peripheral fluorophores of the excited spot, leaving only the very centre zone vigorous for fluorescence, the effective point spread function (PSF) could be immensely squeezed and subcellular structures, such as organelles, become discernable. Nevertheless, because of the low cross-section of stimulated emission and the short fluorescence lifetime, the depletion power density has to be extremely higher than the excitation power density and molecules are exposed in high risk of photobleaching. The existence of photobleaching greatly limits the research of STED in achieving higher resolution and more delicate imaging quality, as well as long-term and dynamic observation. Since the first experimental implementation of STED microscopy, researchers have lift out variety of methods and techniques to alleviate the problem. This paper would present some researches via conventional methods which have been explored and utilised relatively thoroughly, such as fast scanning, time-gating, two-photon excitation (TPE), triplet relaxation (T-Rex) and background suppression. Alternatively, several up-to-date techniques, especially adaptive illumination, would also be unveiled for discussion in this paper. The contrast and discussion of these modalities would play an important role in ameliorating the research of STED microscopy.

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To study the phototactic responses of white‐backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) to different wavelengths, four colours of light traps (blue, green, yellow and red light‐emitting diodes) were placed in the same rice field along with a traditional black light trap. This study revealed that S. furcifera and N. lugens are more attracted to blue and green lights than that to yellow and red lights. During the 24 nights, compared with the black light trap, the blue LED trap could catch more rice planthoppers at 17 nights. Furthermore, catches of other species (moths and beetles) were substantially reduced in blue LED light traps. Multiple regression models were developed to assess the effect of weather factors on light trap catches of rice planthoppers. Rainfall and mean air temperature at a night mainly affected light trap catches of S. furcifera. Higher rainfall and lower temperature increased light trap catches of S. furcifera. However, wind speed was the main factor affecting the catches of N. lugens, and the lower incidence of catches was found in the night when wind speed exceeded 3.08 m/s. S. furcifera may be flying against wind at light wind nights by 0.3–1.5 m/s, whereas N. lugens may be flying down at strong wind nights by 1.5–3.08 m/s. Relative humidity did not significantly influence on trap catches. Consequently, light wavelengths, precipitation, average temperature and wind should be considered when monitoring rice planthoppers by light traps. Therefore, the blue LED light traps are worth using for monitoring planthoppers.

We propose a novel imaging method that enables the enhancement of three-dimensional resolution of confocal microscopy significantly and achieve experimentally a new fluorescence emission difference method for the first time, based on the parallel detection with a detector array. Following the principles of photon reassignment in image scanning microscopy, images captured by the detector array were arranged. And by selecting appropriate reassign patterns, the imaging result with enhanced resolution can be achieved with the method of fluorescence emission difference. Two specific methods are proposed in this paper, showing that the difference between an image scanning microscopy image and a confocal image will achieve an improvement of transverse resolution by approximately 43% compared with that in confocal microscopy, and the axial resolution can also be enhanced by at least 22% experimentally and 35% theoretically. Moreover, the methods presented in this paper can improve the lateral resolution by around 10% than fluorescence emission difference and 15% than Airyscan. The mechanism of our methods is verified by numerical simulations and experimental results, and it has significant potential in biomedical applications.

We demonstrate a highly polarized single mode nanobelt laser with a low threshold. Different from the traditional nanobelt lasers, the laser cavity is formed along the lateral direction of the nanobelt and the wavelength is centered at 712.6 nm with a linewidth of about 0.18 nm. The single mode lasing emission is highly polarized with a polarization ratio of about 0.91. Moreover, the threshold is as low as 18 μJ/cm2 which is about an order of magnitude lower than that of the traditional CdSe nanobelt lasers. These low threshold high polarization single mode nanobelt lasers offer great potential as a low cost and energy efficient choice of technology for applications in visible light communications, displays, optical sensing, and environmental monitoring.