In this sample with low levels of problems, the ECOHIS has demonstrated some limited ability to respond to change. Further work in a larger sample with higher levels of problems is needed to investigate the instrument's ability to respond to change when it has occurred.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The liquid chromatographic retention behavior of nineteen monoaromatic chlorophenols on a beta-cyclodextrin bonded-phase column is investigated with respect to mobile phase composition, pH, temperature, and ionic strength. The mechanistic aspects of retention of these compounds on the beta-cyclodextrin column are studied and compared to other reversed-phase columns. Most of the evidence suggests that the unique selectivity of this column is due to inclusion complex formation, which provides the physical basis for the resolution of positional isomers. Under certain chromatographic conditions, however, the more highly chlorinated congeners appear to be excluded from the cyclodextrin cavity; in such cases a normal-phase chromatographic mechanism is postulated, based on the interaction of the substrates with the secondary hydroxyls on the periphery of the cyclodextrin moieties.

A total of 92 expressed sequence tags from chicken liver (CLEST) were searched for homology with known genes. Among the CLEST, 29% had no sequence similarities with known genes, 34% showed sequence similarity to rRNA, 9% to mitochondrial genes, 23% to known nuclear genes, and 5% to human expressed sequence tags. Among the nuclear CLEST (excluding rRNA), clones with sequence similarity to aldolase B were represented four times, whereas all the other clones represented unique genes. The presence of MspI and TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) associated with CLEST were analyzed by bulk Southern blotting in 16 strains of White Leghorn chickens derived from five different genetic bases. No RFLP were observed with rRNA CLEST and a single MspI RFLP was observed with mitochondrial CLEST. The nuclear CLEST with sequence similarity to known nuclear genes were grouped into two classes on the basis of their involvement in intermediary metabolism. Among the nine genes coding for metabolic enzymes, all but one were polymorphic at MspI and/or TaqI sites in at least one of the strains, whereas among the other genes six of nine were polymorphic. The average frequency of clones revealing RFLP per cDNA clone and restriction enzyme for the two classes were 0.7 and 0.3, respectively. The analysis indicated that in White Leghorns, RFLP markers in the vicinity of nuclear CLEST are relatively frequent. Further, RFLP in the vicinity of genes coding for metabolic enzymes were significantly more frequent than near genes coding for other proteins.

The deployment of modern DFIG or full converter turbine technologies on a large scale into distribution networks is raising issues for electric utilities with regard to voltage rise and flicker amongst other power quality issues. This paper proposes an real-time reactive power coordination scheme employed with the voltage control technique, the concurrent means for achieving both voltage regulation and flicker mitigation at the wind farm point of common coupling (PCC). Noting that each wind turbine generator (WTG) comprising the wind farm operates in a different state, wind condition dependant, the instantaneous reactive power capabilities of each WTG differ. Based on the estimated real-time instantaneous reactive power available from each WTG, a wind farm Q dispatcher is proposed to fully utilize the DFIG turbine power converter capabilities in order to avoid active power curtailment and maximize energy production. Exploiting the reactive power capabilities of the rotor side converter (RSC) and grid side converter (GSC), the proposed control strategy regulates the voltage level within acceptable bands and reduces the flicker level by up to 90%. The real-time simulation results presented in this paper focus on a 6 MW wind farm being connected to a rural 25 kV distribution feeder, considering the applicable utility grid code requirements.