The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) and marigold extracts (Tagetes patula L.) on the hippocampal mitochondria functional activity within the conditions of experimental acute brain hypometabolism.Materials and methods. The work was performed on 50 male Wistar rats, which reproduced an acute brain hypometabolic state by administration of a 3M sodium azide solution in hippocampus (n = 40 and n = 10 – a group of sham-operated animals). The test extracts and the reference drug – EGb 761 – were prophylactically administered at the dose of 100 mg/kg per os for 10 days. 24 hours after the last administration, sodium azide was injected, the brain was taken, the hippocampus was isolated to obtain a supernatant and determine the parameters of mitochondrial respiration, the intensity of anaerobic processes, the concentration of the apoptosis-inducing factor, endonuclease G, and β-amyloid.Results. The carried out study established that the prophylactic administration of pumpkin and marigold extracts contributed to the restoration of a mitochondrial function and a decrease in the intensity of anaerobic processes. In the group of the rats treated with pumpkin and marigold extracts, an increase of ATP concentration in the hippocampal supernatant by 65.7% (p<0.002) was observed; it was 66.2% (p><0.002) relative to the animals deprived of pharmacological support. ,When the rats were treated with pumpkin and marigold extracts, a decrease in the concentration of apoptosis-inducing factor (by 33% (p><0.002) and 38.3% (p><0.002), respectively) and endonuclease G (by 3.6 times (p><0.002) and 4.4 times (p><0.002), respectively) was also noted. The administration of pumpkin and marigold extracts reduced the amyloid β-peptide concentration in the rats’ hippocampus by 54.4% (p><0.0002) and 54.4% (p><0.0002), respectively. The test-extracts had an equivalent therapeutic efficacy with the reference drug. Conclusion On the basis of the obtained data, it is possible to suggest the prospect of a further study of pumpkin and marigold extracts as the drugs of a targeted correction of cerebral hypometabolism. Keywords: plant extracts, hypometabolism, hippocampus, mitochondria >< 0.002) was observed; it was 66.2% (p<0.002) relative to the animals deprived of pharmacological support. ,When the rats were treated with pumpkin and marigold extracts, a decrease in the concentration of apoptosis-inducing factor (by 33% (p><0.002) and 38.3% (p><0.002), respectively) and endonuclease G (by 3.6 times (p><0.002) and 4.4 times (p><0.002), respectively) was also noted. The adm>< 0.002) relative to the animals deprived of pharmacological support. ,When the rats were treated with pumpkin and marigold extracts, a decrease in the concentration of apoptosis-inducing factor (by 33% (p<0.002) and 38.3% (p><0.002), respectively) and endonuclease G (by 3.6 times (p><0.002) and 4.4 times (p><0.002), respectively) was also noted. The administration of pumpki>< 0.002) and 38.3% (p<0.002), respectively) and endonuclease G (by 3.6 times (p><0.002) and 4.4 times (p><0.002), respectively) was also noted. The administration of pumpkin and marigold extracts reduced the amyloid β-peptide concentration in the rats’ hippocampus by 54.4% (p><0.0002) and 54.4% (p><0.0002), respectively. The test-extracts had an equivalent therapeutic efficacy with >< 0.002), respectively) and endonuclease G (by 3.6 times (p<0.002) and 4.4 times (p><0.002), respectively) was also noted. The administration of pumpkin and marigold extracts reduced the amyloid β-peptide concentration in the rats’ hippocampus by 54.4% (p><0.0002< 0.002) and 4.4 times (p<0.002), respectively) was also noted. The administration of pumpkin and marigold extracts reduced the amyloid β-peptide concentration in the rats’ hippocampus by 54.4% (p><0.0002) and 54.4% (p><0.0002), respectively. The te>< 0.002), respectively) was also noted. The administration of pumpkin and marigold extracts reduced the amyloid β-peptide concentration in the rats’ hippocampus by 54.4% (p<0.0002) and 54.4% (p><0.0002), respectively. The test-extracts had an equiva>< 0.0002) and 54.4% (p<0.0002), respectively. The test-extracts had an equivalent therapeutic efficacy with the reference drug. Conclusion On the basis of the obtained d>< 0.0002), respectively. The test-extracts had an equivalent therapeutic efficacy with the reference drug.Conclusion On the basis of the obtained data, it is possible to suggest the prospect of a further study of pumpkin and marigold extracts as the drugs of a targeted correction of cerebral hypometabolism.
Antioxidants are widely used in practical medicine. Not only the search for new plant antioxidants, but also the study of the factors affecting their accumulation in plants, are relevant.The aim is to study the interrelation between the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and the antioxidant activity of the secondary polyphenolic nature metabolites in hemiparasite Viscum Album L. leaves.Materials and methods. The sampling material was Viscum album L. leaves, collected in winter from a host tree, Malus domestica Borkh. The extraction of biologically active substances was carried out with ethyl alcohol of various concentrations (90%, 70% and 50%), or purified water. The amount of total antioxidants was estimated by the amperometric method. The amount of total phenols was evaluated in the reaction with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The concentration of total flavonoids was estimated by the change in the optical density of the rutin with aluminum (III) chloride complex. The antioxidant properties of the analyzed extracts were determined in vitro in the induced lipid peroxidation test. The activity of aconitase was assessed by a conjugated aconitase-isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction, citrate synthase – by changing the color intensity of the Ellman reagent solution, succinate dehydrogenase were determined in the reaction of succinate-dependent oxidation of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol.Results. The carried out study showed that the maximum amount of total phenols (2.39±0.05%) is observed in a 50% ethanol extract from Viscum album L. leaves, with the content of total flavonoids equal to 1.83±0.04%, and the antioxidants equal to 0.503±0.007 mg/g (a quercetin equivalent) and 0.322±0.006 mg/g (a gallic acid equivalent). A 50% ethanol extract suppressed lipid peroxidation in the model mixture with IC50=106.3±1.09 µg/ml. In Viscum album L. leaves, a high activity of aconitase which strongly correlated (r=0.88416) with changes in the concentration of flavonoids, has been notified.Conclusion. The optimal extractant for obtaining extracts with a high antioxidant activity is 50% ethyl alcohol. The analysis of the mitochondrial enzymes activity showed that in Viscum album L. leaves collected in winter, a high activity of aconitase strongly correlated with changes in the concentration of flavonoids (r=0.88416).
The purpose of this work is to identify the phenolic compounds of the marigold inflorescences, as well as the quantitative determination of flavonoids in the extraction obtained by extracting inflorescences with 40% ethanol.Earlier, with the purpose of preliminary assessment and subsequent selection of the fraction obtained by treating the feed with ethyl alcohol of different concentrations, the total content of antioxidants in alcohol-aqueous extracts from the inflorescences of marigolds was studied. In parallel, pharmacological screening confirmed that the most pronounced antioxidant, wound-healing and endothelioprotective activity is extracted, the alcohol obtained by ethanol 40%.In this paper, the results of the phenol composition of the most pharmacologically active fraction obtained by extracting ethyl alcohol 40% of marigolds spread out are presented. The raw materials – the inflorescences of marigolds of the propagated varieties "Carmen" were collected in September 2016 in the botanical garden of the Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute, a branch of of FGBOU in VolgGMU Ministry of Health of Russia.In the analyzed extract, 4 substances of polyphenol nature – patuletin, patulintrin, quercetin and caffeic acid – were identified. Analytical characteristics of substances were determined by physicochemical methods.Using UV spectrophotometry using the value of the specific absorption index, the quantitative content of the sum of flavonoids in terms of patuletin is determined and is 2,98 ± 0,06%. The methodology is validated by such indicators as specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision.
The aim of the study is the identification and evaluation of a new antioxidant activity in a potentially new medicinal raw material of Actinidia arguta folia.Materials and methods. The total content of antioxidants was measured on a Tsvet Yauza-01-AA liquid chromatograph using the amperometric method. In parallel, the antioxidant activity of Actinidia arguta extracts was studied in vitro in the following dilution range: 62.5 µg/ml, 125 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml and 1000 µg/ml. Herewith, DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radical inhibitory properties of the analyzed samples were evaluated.The studies of the antioxidant activity with the determination of the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, the concentration of malondialdehyde and diene conjugates, have been conducted in vivo.Results. When studying the antiradical activity (in vitro tests), it was found out that the highest radical-inhibiting activity comparable to the individual compound - quercetin, has the extraction from Actinidia arguta folia, obtained by the extraction with 40% ethyl alcohol. The IC50 value for the given extract in relation to DPPH; superoxide and hydroxyl radical, amounted to 537.6±23.924 µg/ml; 26.6±2.627 µg/ml and 72.6±3.264 µg/ml, respectively, which may indicate that this extract has reducing and radical scavenging properties. In parallel, the study of the total content of antioxidants in terms of quercetin and gallic acid has been carried out. It has also been found out that in the Actinidia arguta folia extract, obtained by the extraction with 40% ethyl alcohol, the content of the antioxidants is maximum.Conclusion. The data obtained using the in vitro test were confirmed in the in vivo study, in which the course application of the Actinidia arguta folia extract, obtained by the extraction with 40% ethyl alcohol to the degree comparable to quercetin, contributed to an increase in the superoxide dismutase activity, a decrease in the lipid peroxidation products. The maximum content of antioxidants for Actinidia arguta folia was 0.73±0.007 and 0.47±0.005 mg/g in terms of quercetin and gallic acid, respectively. The extractant was 40% ethyl alcohol.
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