Hemocyanins are multi-subunit oxygen carrier proteins, found in select species of arthropoda and mollusca. Here, we have purified native hemocyanin from Pila globosa, a freshwater gastropod, verified using mass spectrometry and determined its molecular weight, secondary structure and the spectral properties, using Ultraviolet/visible, Fourier transform infra-red and Circular dichroism spectroscopy. Our results reveal the oligomeric and glycosylated nature of the protein, comprising of 400 kDa subunits, organized predominantly into a thermo-stable, alpha-helical conformation. Further, biochemical assays confirm catecholoxidase-like activity in hemocyanin, which has been used to develop a first-generation optical sensor, for the detection of phenols.
Background: Phage Display Technology is an advanced version of rDNA and hybridoma technologies with simplicity in its procedure and production of desired therapeutics and biocontrol products. In this context, the filamentous bacteriophage namely M13 phage was explored by the Nobel Laureates, George P Smith and Gregory P Winter. Due to the unique tolerance of M13 phage to experimental conditions compared to the tailored B-cells, the global bacteriophage mediated pharma market is at its up-surge. In the present mini-review the sequential breakthroughs in the production of therapeutic antibodies and their market potential are explicitly shown. The use of phage for domestic and therapeutic applications needs to be popularized. Materials and Methods: In the present mini review, it is aimed to project the importance of phage display technology over the conventional hybridoma technology. The pertinent literature pertaining to the products of phage display and the scope to enhance the same are considered. Results and Conclusion: Both rDNA technology and hybridoma technology introduced for the first time to the scientific community a tool to design customized monoclonal antibodies using tailored hybrid B-cells and revolutionized medical diagnosis and treatment. They constituted 53% of approved biopharmaceuticals worth billions of US$. They qualify 8th position out of top 10 bestselling pharma products. Alternatively, the emerging technology in pharma industry namely Phage Display for the production of peptides and antibody formats compatible to the host systems came into vogue and revolutionized pharma market and yet to penetrate in Indian pharma industry.
Studies on the haemocyanin content in the blood of the freshwater field crab, Oziotelphusa senex senex (Fab) in relation to sex Abstract. The copper and protein contents have been determined in the blood and also in the purified haemocyanin of the freshwater field crab, Oziotelphusa senex senex (Fabricius) in relation to sex. The haemocyanin content was fairly higher in the blood of female crabs when compared to the males. However, the copper-protein ratio in the purified haemocyanin of both male and female crabs is 0·167%. Based on the copper content, the minimal molecular weight of the functional unit of the O. senex senex haemocyanin has been calculated as 76,120 daltons, The sex-based difference in the haemocyanin concentration has been discussed in the light of the existing literature.
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