Abstract-LHCb is one of the experiments of the Large HadronCollider at CERN, dedicated to B-physics and CP-violation measurements. To fully exploit the physics potential, a good tracking performance with high efficiency in a high particle density environment close to the beam pipe is required. Silicon strip detectors with large read-out pitch and long strips will be used for the LHCb Inner Tracker after the magnet and the Trigger Tracker station in front of the magnet. We report here about the design of the Silicon Tracker, test beam results and the electrical tests foreseen during module production.
The LOCb experiment at CERN features a beam conditions monitor (HCM) consisting of 16 diamond detectors of an active surface of 8mm x 8mm each, surrounding the beam pipe, in order to prevent the experiment from exposure to a possibly harmful LHC beam. It is based on a measurement of the current through these solid state detectors with an integration time of 40 ps, so it provides the fastest input of LOCb to the beam interlock system. The current status of the commissioning is desc ribed in this work.
This work introduces two different approaches to explain the growth of silicon carbide (SiC) filaments, found in the bulk material and in grain boundaries of solar cells made from multicrystalline (mc) silicon. These filaments are responsible for ohmic shunts. The first model proposes that the SiC filaments grow at the solid-liquid interface of the mc-Si ingot, whereas the second model proposes a growth due to solid state diffusion of carbon atoms in the solid fraction of the ingot during the block-casting process. The melt interface model can explain quantitatively the observed morphologies, diameters and mean distances of SiC filaments. The modeling of the temperature- and time-dependent carbon diffusion to a grain boundary in the cooling ingot shows that solid state diffusion based on literature data is not sufficient to transport the required amount of approximately 3.4 1017 carbon atoms per cm2 to form typical SiC filaments found in grain boundaries of mc-Si for solar cells. However, possible mechanisms are discussed to explain an enhanced diffusion of carbon to the grain boundaries.
Optical flow cytometry is a process where physical and (bio‐) chemical parameters of single biological cells can be obtained in a flow‐through setup by optical measurement techniques. Unlike conventional systems, where measurements are conducted in the optical far field, the proposed system senses the cell's optical projection in the near field by using integrated photodiodes. This allows for the attainment of additional parameters, e.g., size and shape, which are usually hidden in the far field. In addition, parameters such as refractive index and absorption of the cell influence the sensor signal. Additionally, with another setup, a different approach is followed to measure similar parameters with external detection using a DVD laser pickup head and a microchannel equipped with a mirror. This low‐cost setup does not measure in the near field, and therefore, is dedicated to different parameters. In this contribution, results from measurements with polystyrene particles and biological cells (yeast and Chinese hamster ovary) are presented and the advantages and limitations of both systems are outlined.
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