With the increased installations of distributed generators (DGs) within power systems, load flow analysis of distribution systems needs special models and algorithms to handle multiple sources. In this paper, the development of an unbalanced threephase load flow algorithm that can handle multiple sources is described. This software is capable of switching the DG mode of operation from constant voltage to constant power factor. The algorithm to achieve this in the presence of multiple DGs is proposed. Shipboard power systems (SPS) have other special characteristics apart from multiple sources, which make the load flow difficult to converge. The developed software is verified for a distribution system without DG using the Radial Distribution Analysis Package (RDAP). The developed software analyzes an IEEE test case and an icebreaker ship system. System studies for the IEEE 37-node feeder without the regulator show the effect of different models and varying DG penetration related to the increase in loading. System losses and voltage deviations are compared.Index Terms-Distributed generation, IEEE 37-node feeder, radial distribution analysis package, shipboard power systems.
It is expected that increasing amounts of distributed generation (DG) will be connected to the power system in the future. Advances in technology, deregulation in the market to end the monopoly of the vertically integrated power utilities, alternative energy sources that are becoming more cost effective are encouraging the growth of this new technology. Although there are many advantages, there are many issues to be considered for the interconnection of DG's, like the sizing and siting of the DG. Since it is necessary that the voltages be within a specified limit, this problem of the siting and sizing of the DG has taken top priority as they affect the voltages and operations of the distribution power system. This thesis discusses a procedure for evaluating the impact of the site, size of the DG and also a change in the loading conditions of the system before and after the reconfiguration of the system due to the fault. Many feasible combinations of the size and site of a DG on the IEEE 13 and IEEE 37 node distribution feeder are analyzed, which resulted in large number of data from the load flow. The results and trends are presented.
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