Aim: To estimate indications and frequency of plate removal in patient treated for maxillofacial fractures. Method; In this retrospective study, records were reviewed from March 2015 to March 2018, over a period of 3 years. 139 Maxillofacial trauma patients treated with Open reduction and Internal Fixation with 202 plate, Result; In 139 patients, 202 plates were implanted for bone fractures. In total, 128(92%) were male and 11(8%) were female, 32(23.02%) had revisited with complaint and subsequently 47(23.26%) plates were removed. Mandible was commonest location where majority of the plates32(68.08%) were removed. Most common reason for plates removal was infection 20(42%). Minimum time for plate in situ was 3 months. Conclusion; the reason for plate removal is multifactorial. Establishing measures to minimize plate related complication and avoid patients from further invasive procedures. Keywords: Facial Bone Fracture, Osteosynthesis Plate, Plate Removal Trauma.
Background: The separators are a preliminary step for band insertion, but there is a potential risk of bacteraemia during their placement, particularly in susceptible patients. The objective of the study is to determine the effect of separators on the bacterial count in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and to assess the efficacy of chlorhexidine mouth rinse and saline irrigation in the reduction of the bacterial count. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 51 participants who were divided into three equal groups randomly (brushing only/control, saline irrigation, and 2% chlorhexidine mouthwash rinse). The inclusion criteria were age between 18–25 years, good oral hygiene, gingival and plaque index <1, no previous orthodontic treatment, and healthy individuals. The bacterial count was obtained from GCF samples after two hours, on the third day, and on the seventh day. Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the bacterial count among the three groups, and post hoc analysis was done using Dunn's test. Friedman test was applied to see the difference at three-time points in each group. Results: In both saline and chlorhexidine groups the mean bacterial count decreased significantly from baseline to 3rd day and 7th day after separator placement (p<0.001). For the third day, a significant difference was found in control versus saline and control versus chlorhexidine. No significant difference was found between saline and chlorhexidine on the third day. Similar results were found on the 7th day. For controls, the bacterial count increased with time and for both saline and chlorhexidine groups the bacterial count decreased. The highest decrease in the bacterial count was found for the chlorhexidine group. Conclusion: After the placement of separators, there was an increase in the bacterial count in GCF. Notably, chlorhexidine was found to be more effective than saline irrigation in reducing the bacterial count.
There has been an increase in plastic production during the past decades, yet the recycling of plastic remains relatively low. Incorporating plastic in concrete can mitigate environmental pollution. The use of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles as an aggregate weakens properties of concrete. An alternative is to use PET bottles as a binder in the mortar. The PET binder mixed with sand results in weak mortar. Marble and iron slag can enhance PET mortar properties by preventing alkali reactions. This study examines the mechanical and durability properties of PET mortar with different mixes. The mixes were prepared as plastic and marble (PM); plastic and iron slag (PI); plastic, sand, and marble (PSM); plastic, iron slag, and marble (PIM); and plastic, sand, and iron slag (PSI). PM with 30–45% plastic content had increased compressive and flexural strength up to 35.73% and 20.21%, respectively. PI with 30–35% plastic content showed strength improvements up to 29.19% and 5.02%, respectively. However, at 45% plastic content, strength decreased by 8.8% and 27.90%. PSM, PIM, and PSI specimens had nearly double the strength of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortar. The durability of PET mortar in chemical solutions, mainly 5% HCl and 20% NaOH, indicate that mass decreased after 3, 7, and 28 days. All specimens showed good resistance to HCl and NaCl solutions compared to OPC mortar. However, its resistance to NaOH is low compared to OPC mortar. PET mortar without cement showed higher strength and durability than cement mortar, making it suitable for paver tiles, drainage systems, and roads.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.