Background: Poisoning is a significant global public health problem which leads to nearly a million deaths each year. Incidence of poisoning in India is among the highest in the world. Despite the vast number, evidence on prevalence pattern in India is yet limited. Objective: The present study aimed to characterise acute poisoning cases with respect to the demographics, effect due to time lag and treatment outcomes. Methods: The cross sectional retrospective study was conducted from January 2013 to December 2015 in government and private teaching hospitals. Results: Of all reviewed cases male over female predominance was observed. Maximum poisoning was observed in the age group 20-35 years with an increased incidence of female cases in age category 13-19 years. Household and agricultural agents (56.4%) were associated with most poisoning. Intentional poisoning was more common (53.3%) and predominant in age category 20-35 years. Maximal exposure was observed between 6 pm -12 am. Maximum patients (77.6%) responded to the therapy given while 12.6% absconded, took discharge against medical advice or were referred to another hospital. The mortality rate was 9.6 % with male predominance. Conclusion: The study concludes that the burden of poisoning demands strategies for prevention, identification and rational management providing optimal treatment outcomes. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which has affected millions of people around the world. Ten million new TB cases were identified globally in 2018, with an estimated 1.2 million deaths. Lung function impairment often occurs due to the destruction of the lung parenchyma. This causes ventilatory abnormalities, often of obstructive type. Radiological lesions are also a common consequence of pulmonary tuberculosis. This study aims to analyse the various clinical features and assess the spirometric and radiological findings in post TB patients. This is a prospective observational study. All patients visiting the Chest Medicine OPD of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital who had a history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis and were above 18 years of age were included in this study. Patients who had no signs of active Tuberculosis underwent spirometry, and a chest x-ray was taken. Clinical presentation, spirometric parameters and radiological lesion were analysed. Among the 76 patients included in this study, 73.7% were male with most patients aged between 51 to 60 years. 64.5% of the study population were smokers. Dyspnoea (94.73%) was found to be the most common presenting complaint. Obstructive pattern (49%) was found to be the most common type of spirometric pattern with 68.42% having small airway disease. Based on the Wilcox classification, Degree II (47.37%) was the most common extent of the radiological lesion. It was found that there is a statistically significant difference between smokers and non-smokers in post-bronchodilator FEV1 (p=0.037) and FEF25-75 values (p=0.010). This study reveals the presence of post tuberculosis lung impairment in the population with varying presentations and severity. Hence, further studies and interventions are required to improve the quality of life of post tuberculosis patients.
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Background: Perinatal asphyxia is a condition resulting from deprivation of oxygen to a neonate that lasts long enough to cause damage to the brain. Perinatal asphyxia is one of the major causes of early neonatal mortality in India. The goal was to evaluate outcomes of asphyxiated babies. Methods: One hundred consecutive neonates with birth asphyxia (Apgar 0-3 at 5-minute of age) were studied. Data from medical records of all babies with perinatal asphyxia admitted were retrieved and documented for the study.Results: Majority of the neonates are inborn (57%). Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Spontaneous vaginal delivery constitute 32% and lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) 36%. Mortality was highest in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) stage 3 with 11%. Mean duration of hospitalization is directly related to Sarnat and Sarnat staging of HIE. 22% babies were having neurological sequelae and discharged on anti-convulsant. 21% mortality, majority were outborn.Conclusions: Despite advances in the management of neonates, perinatal asphyxia is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Perinatal asphyxia is still prevalent despite medical advances. Babies with HIE stage III had poor outcome. Appropriate strategies required to minimize the neuro-developmental sequelae.
Background: Perinatal asphyxia is an insult to fetus or newborn due to lack of oxygen (hypoxia) or lack of perfusion (ischemia) to various organs of sufficient magnitude and duration. Prenatal asphyxia is one of the major causes of early neonatal mortality in India. Our goal was to evaluate risk factors of perinatal asphyxia.Methods: Observational prospective study on 100 babies delivered in our hospital consecutively and requiring resuscitation were included.Results: The mean age of mothers was 23.5 years. 54% neonates were born to primiparous mothers. Anaemia was widely prevalent in the mothers of neonates requiring resuscitation. The major maternal risk factors for newborns requiring resuscitation were pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (46%), oligohydramnios (41%), polyhydramnios (30%) and meconium stained liquor (28%). The fetal factors associated with resuscitation of newborns were intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (30%), prematurity (25%), meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (20%), and neonatal seizures (36%). Mortality was highest in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) stage 3 with 11%.Conclusions: The most common maternal risk factors for newborns requiring resuscitation was PIH followed by oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios and meconium stained liquor. IUGR was the most common fetal risk factor followed by, prematurity, MAS and neonatal seizures.
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