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Some transcriptional signatures that could improve HNSCC management have been identified, but further analyses are required to properly validate and to precisely evaluate their clinical relevance. After an exploratory phase, the completion of large scale projects with stringent methodology is now necessary to transfer GEP from bench to bedside.

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L'industrie textile utilise des colorants de synthèse toxiques qui polluent ses eaux résiduaires avec, parfois, des flux importants. Les procédés traditionnels les éliminent mal : ils sont peu iodégradables et la seule floculation, par exemple par des sels de fer, donne des résultats insuffisants. Or, en Algérie, la réutilisation agricole des eaux usées même industrielles est devenue une impérieuse nécessité. Le procédé proposé repose sur l'utilisation de sels d'aluminium ou, mieux encore, un polyhydroxyaluminium, associés à une bentonite de forage très fine présentant l'avantage d'être localement disponible et peu coûteuse. Quatre colorants ont été testés. Ils appartiennent à deux grandes familles : les colorants acides d'une part, Jaune Supranol 4GL et Vert Nylomine C8B et les colorants dispersifs d'autre part, Rouge Foron RDGL et Violet Foron S3RL. Les essais montrent que, si la bentonite seule ou les sels d'aluminium seuls présentent des efficacités insuffisantes, ces derniers du fait d'une mauvaise décantabilité des microflocs formés, l'association bentonite-aluminium permet d'éliminer les colorants en quasi totalité avec une excellente décantabilité. Les concentrations optimales à mettre en oeuvre sont relativement basses, de l'ordre de 13 mg/l de Al3+ et 250 mg/l de bentonite. Les coûts d'exploitation sont donc très raisonnables. Sur un effluent industriel réel, le procédé permet de passer d'une DCO de 770 mg/l à moins de 30 mg/l.

Nasal symptoms are the main elements that lead to a therapeutic decision and allow for evaluating treatment effects or natural evolution. Despite availability of several questionnaires with good measurement qualities, no systematic assessment takes into account the specific physical and psychosocial consequences of each of the six main nasal symptoms, independently of the disease. We proposed to measure these symptoms with the use of a self-reporting questionnaire and to test the validity of the questionnaire in a large representative sample of patients attending outpatient rhinologic clinics. The study was conducted in two parts: (1) expert-based development and testing of the face validity of a questionnaire in French; and (2) validity testing, including construct validity by factor analysis, reproducibility by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland and Altman plots, and sensitivity to change by standardized response means, on a large sample of patients in a prospective multicenter study. DyNaChron, a questionnaire with 78 items divided into six domains and exploring both the physical and psychosocial repercussions of CND, was developed. In total, 759 patients completed the questionnaire at a first visit to a clinic, and 539 again 19.5 days later, on average. The questionnaire structure was confirmed to be composed of six domains (6 factors explaining 68.7% of the variance), with two dimensions in each domain. The questionnaire's convergent validity was confirmed; the Cronbach alpha coefficient for domains was high (0.93-0.96), the ICC ranged from 0.8 to 0.92, and the questionnaire's sensitivity to change was greater for patients with improved health status than for those with worsened status. DyNaChron is a well-structured questionnaire with a high degree of internal consistency and all properties needed to be used in research. It should now be compared with other questionnaires and objective measures to assess whether or not DyNaChron better measures disease severity and its changes. Further work will involve shortening the instrument for use in clinical practice and create a "patient symptomatology score".

The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity from cardboard paper mill effluents was experimentally investigated using aluminum and iron electrodes followed by adsorption of treated wastewater on granular activated carbon (GAC). The effects of electrolyse time, current density, initial pH, adsorption time, stirring, and granular activated carbon (GAC) amount were studied. For electrolyses, the maximum removal efficiencies of COD and turbidity under optimal operating conditions i.e. pH = 5.29 for Al electrode and pH = 7.21 for Fe electrode, with a current density of 4.41 mA/cm2 and operating time of 10 min were 75.37% and 99.93% for Al electrode and 78.76% and 99.92% for Fe electrode, respectively. For electrocoagulation (EC) and adsorption process under operating conditions i.e. pH = 3.21 at 300 rpm with contact time of 120 min for Al electrode and 180 min for Fe electrode, the maximum removal efficiencies of COD were 98.97% and 93.37%, respectively. The results obtained show good adsorption efficiency and short contact time obtained after Al‐EC due to interference from color of dissolved iron. The present study proves the effectiveness of electrocoagulation/adsorption process for the highly concentrated organic pollutants present in paper mill effluents. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011.