Summary
Optimal PID‐fuzzy‐PID hybrid controller (PID‐FPID) has been presented here for load frequency control (LFC) analysis in a two‐area interconnected system. The optimum parameters of this suggested PID‐FPID hybrid controller are achieved using modified grey wolf optimization (MGWO) algorithm. Initially, the investigation is performed on a reheat turbine‐based two‐area unified system. The effectiveness of the recommended controller is proved (a) by altering the size and location of step load perturbation (SLP), (b) by modifying the system constraints, and (c) by inserting a random loading in the system. The dominance of the employed controller is recognized by relating the results with pre‐published outcomes such as Differential evolution‐Particle swarm optimization (DEPSO) tuned fuzzy‐PID controller and artificial bee colony optimization (ABC) tuned PID controller. Lastly, the analysis is prolonged by implementing the recommended control method in a hybrid‐source power system to exhibit the flexibility of the suggested method in a hybrid power system.
A newly adopted optimization technique known as sine-cosine algorithm (SCA) is suggested in this research article to tune the gains of Fuzzy-PID controller along with a derivative filter (Fuzzy-PIDF) of a hybrid interconnected system for the Load Frequency Control (LFC). The scrutinized multi-generation system considers hydro, gas and thermal sources in all areas of the dual area power system integrated with UPFC (unified power flow controller) and SMES (Super-conducting magnetic energy storage) units. The preeminence of the offered Fuzzy-PIDF controller is recognized over Fuzzy-PID controller by comparing their dynamic performance indices concerning minimum undershoot, settling time and also peak overshoot. Finally, the sensitiveness and sturdiness of the recommended control method are proved by altering the parameters of the system from their nominal values and by the implementation of random loading in the system.
<p>This paper proposes Transient monitoring function (TMF) based fault classification approach for transmission line protection. The classifier provides accurate results under various system conditions involving fault resistance, inception angle, location and load angle. The transient component during fault is measured by TMF and appropriate logics applied for fault classification. Simulation studies using MATLAB®/SIMULINK™ are carried out for a 400 kV, 50 Hz power system with variable system conditions. Results show that the proposed classifier has high classification accuracy. The method developed has been compared with a fault classification technique based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The proposed technique can be implemented for real time protection schemes employing distance relaying.</p>
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