The epidemiology of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) was studied in poultry in northern India, from April 1990 to March 1994, to evaluate the various factors responsible for causing and determining the severity of the disease. Broiler chicks and Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were the species examined. The factor observed to be most commonly associated with IBH was the presence of aflatoxins in the feed at higher than permissible levels, i.e. 20 parts per billion. Avian adenovirus-1 was isolated from the livers of affected birds. In the final year of the study, a number of outbreaks of IBH caused heavy mortalities among three to five-week-old broiler chicks, which displayed typical IBH lesions in addition to hydropericardium.
Unilateral intramammary inoculation of 10 goats with Cryptococcus neoformans (2 x 10(6) yeast cells) resulted in the development of mastitis, with gross and microscopic lesions being restricted to the infected udder halves only and there was no dissemination of infection to the opposite uninfected udder halves as well as to other organs of the body. The experiment was continued for 40 days, with 2 animals each from the infected and control groups being killed on 5th, 10th, 20th, 30th and 40th day post-inoculation (DPI). Initial enlargement of the infected udder halves was followed by marked decrease in size leading to very small, firm and nodular udder halves. After infection, there was also sharp fall in the milk yield. Cryptococcal organisms were demonstrated in the mastitic milk and udder impression smears with special stains. C. neoformans was reisolated from the milk of the only infected udder halves up to 25th DPI. Microscopically, there was initially acute diffuse purulent mastitis which later on became chronic, characterised by marked infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, extensive fibrosis and development of multiple granulomas. The cryptococcal organisms could be demonstrated in the udder sections only up to 30th DPI. It is concluded that intramammary inoculation of Cryptococcus neoformans in goats leads to severe mastitis with sharp fall in milk yield.
Summary: During the routine examination of dogs for cutaneous lesions, 205 dogs were screened for fungi other than dermato‐phytes. Twenty‐two dogs (10,8 %) revealed the presence of non‐dermatophytic fungi suspicious for representing the etiologic agents of the skin lesions. The fungi isolated were Altemaria sp. (2,9%), Penicillium sp. (2,4%), Aspergillus fumigaius (2,0%), Mucor sp. (1,5 %), Cladosporium sp. (1,5 %) and Fusarium sp. (0,5 %).
No dermatophyte was isolated in association with these fungi. The incidence of these infections was found to be greater in warm and humid climate.
Zusammenfassung: Bei der Routine‐In‐spektion von Hunden auf Hautläsionen wurden 205 Tiere auf nicht‐keratinophile Pilze untersucht. An 22 Hunden wurden Nicht‐Dermatophyten isoliert, die als Erre‐ger der Hautläsionen in Betracht kommen. Die isolierten Pilze waren Alternuria sp. (2,9 %), Penicillium sp. (2,4 %), Aspergillus fumigatus (2,0%), Mucor sp. (1,5 %), Cladosporium sp. (1,5%) und Fusarium sp. (0,5%). Mit diesen Pilzen zusammen wurde kein Dermatophyt isoliert. Die Häufigkeit dieser Infektionen war in warmen und feuchten Klimaten höher.
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