In patients with concomitant occurrence of maxillofacial and basilar skull fractures, open reduction and internal fixation is the treatment. It requires intermittent intra operative dental occlusion which precludes oral or nasal intubation. In such cases submental intubation (SMI) is a recognized technique in practice. We describe a modified technique for smooth exteriorization of the endotracheal tube (ETT) during SMI. As the SMI technique is unusual for the performer, emphasis is laid on the applied aspects to minimize probable complications during the procedure. With the modified technique we performed SMI uneventfully on five patients
Background: Reproductive health plays a significant role in a woman’s life. Women of child bearing age group in developing countries suffer ill health due to lack of knowledge on reproductive health issues. The objective of the present study was to assess the knowledge regarding reproductive health among women and the associated socio-demographic factors.Methods: A total of 345 women of age group 15-44 years were recruited using cluster sampling in 15 clusters from among 28 villages under a Primary Health Center from May to July 2017. Data on sociodemographic details and knowledge of reproductive health under the following domains: menstruation, contraception, reproductive tract infections and marriage and pregnancy were collected using a modified interview schedule.Results: The mean age of the study population was 28.59±9.08 years. Majority of them belonged to age group 15-30 years (60%), attained school level education (55.7%), 45% were gainfully employed, married (65.5%) and from middle class (40.6%). It was found that out of 345 study population; only 19% had adequate knowledge on reproductive health. The proportion of women who had adequate knowledge in each domain was marriage and pregnancy (47.5%), menstruation (29.9%), contraception (17.4%) and least being reproductive tract infections (15%). Knowledge on reproductive health was significantly inadequate among women in the age group 31-44 years, illiterate women, who belongs to lower class and students. Only, socio-economic status and occupation were the significant predictors of knowledge.Conclusions: Knowledge regarding reproductive health was inadequate among women in reproductive age group in rural areas.
Introduction and Objectives: Endotracheal intubation involving conventional laryngoscopy elicits a hemodynamic stress response which can be deleterious in susceptible individuals. The study was aimed to see if King Vision video laryngoscope has any advantages over conventional Macintosh laryngoscope in attenuating the hemodynamic response during endotracheal intubation. Materials and Methods: 80 ASA I and II patients (aged 18-59 years) who fit the eligibility criteria and scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were recruited for the study after obtaining permission from the institutional review board. By randomization they were allocated into two groups. Group A underwent intubation with King Vision video laryngoscope (KVVL) and group B were intubated with Macintosh laryngoscope (MDL). Systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and Sp02 were measured at baseline, post induction, prelaryngoscopy and post intubation at 1, 3 and 5 minutes. The time duration for intubation, numbers of attempts for intubation and postoperative pharyngeal morbidities were also noted. Results: The duration of laryngoscopy and intubation was significantly longer in group A (KVVL) when compared to group B (MDL) patients (18.28 ± 6.555 Vs. 14.75 ± 3.678 seconds)(p = 0.004). However, patients in group A (KVVL) had less hemodynamic response compared to group B (MDL) with statistically significant heart rate changes at 3 minutes post intubation. (86.37 ± 15.255 Vs 94.45 ± 19.123 beats/minute respectively)(p = 0.040). There were no significant differences between both the groups in terms of number of attempts and post operative oropharyngeal morbidities. Conclusion:We conclude that King Vision video laryngoscope is a useful alternative to traditional Macintosh laryngoscope for reducing hemodynamic stress response during endotracheal intubation.
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