IntroductionDisease-related stigma and knowledge are believed to be associated with patients' willingness to seek treatment and adherence to treatment. HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) presents unique challenges, because TB and HIV are both medically complex and stigmatizing diseases. In Thailand, we assessed knowledge and beliefs about these diseases among HIV-infected TB patients.MethodsWe prospectively interviewed and examined HIV-infected TB patients from three provinces and one national referral hospital in Thailand from 2005–2006. At the beginning of TB treatment, we asked patients standardized questions about TB stigma, TB knowledge, and HIV knowledge. Responses were grouped into scores; scores equal to or greater than the median score of study population were considered high. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with scores.ResultsOf 769 patients enrolled, 500 (65%) reported high TB stigma, 177 (23%) low TB knowledge, and 379 (49%) low HIV knowledge. Patients reporting high TB stigma were more likely to have taken antibiotics before TB treatment, to have first visited a traditional healer or private provider, to not know that monogamy can reduce the risk of acquiring HIV infection, and to have been hospitalized at enrollment. Patients with low TB knowledge were more likely to have severe TB disease, to be hospitalized at enrollment, to be treated at the national infectious diseases referral hospital, and to have low HIV knowledge. Patients with low HIV knowledge were more likely to know a TB patient and to have low TB knowledge.DiscussionWe found that stigma and low disease-specific knowledge were common among HIV-infected TB patients and associated with similar factors. Further research is needed to determine whether reducing stigma and increasing TB and HIV knowledge among the general community and patients reduces diagnostic delay and improves patient outcomes.
Tuberculosis treatment default, missing medical appointments for two consecutive months or more, is a serious problem not only for individuals but also for societies and health-care systems. Most research focuses only on patient factors without considering health-care system factors' effects on treatment default. The study purpose was to examine the influence of process of care on treatment default. Structured interviews and medical chart reviews were conducted in 160 tuberculosis patients receiving care at a tertiary hospital in Thailand. The samples included 54 patients with treatment default and 106 patients with treatment completion. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine relationships among the variables. After adjusting for patient factors, having severe medication side-effect and travel time to clinic increased treatment default. The patient factor of being paid on a daily basis was also significantly associated with treatment default. Evidence indicates that some process of care factors influence treatment default. Findings can be applied to practice levels to maintain patients until treatment completion.
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