No abstract

This work provides scientific evidence of the antioxidant, antifungal, and antimycobacterial activities of MA, showing its potential application in the development of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents for the agro-food and pharmaceutical industries.

Two simple, accurate, and precise methods for simultaneous estimation of tramadol hydrochloride and chlorzoxazone in combined dosage form have been described. The first method employs formation and solving of simultaneous equations using 272.20 and 248.30 nm as two analytical wavelengths. The second method is absorption ratio method, which uses 272.20 and 257.50 nm as two analytical wavelengths. Both the methods allow the simultaneous determination of tramadol hydrochloride and chlorzoxazone in concentration ranges employed for this purpose with the standard deviation of <1.0% in the assay of tablet.

Two simple, accurate, rapid and economical spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol and metoclopramide hydrochloride from tablet dosage form. The first method developed employs formation and solving simultaneous equations using 248.6 nm and 275.6 nm as two wavelengths for formation of equations. Second method is absorbance ratio in which wavelengths selected were 265.6 nm as isoabsorptive point and 275.6 nm as λmax of paracetamol. Both the drugs and their mixtures obey Beer-Lamberts law at selected wavelengths at given concentration range. The methods have been validated statistically and by recovery studies. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery studies.

Ayurvedic eye drops preparation contains aqueous extracts of different herbs. Ethnobotanical survey shows that plants used in Ayurvedic eye drops formulation are rich source of tannin and tannin like compounds. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of ayurvedic eye drops are attributed to the presence of tannins and tannin like compounds. Therefore in the present study an attempt has been made to determine the tannin content in some ayurvedic eye drops, by using Folin-Denis method. A blue colored complex is formed by using phosphotungustomolybdic acid. Estimation was done on UV/Vis spectrophotometer. The tannin content of all the three brands was found to be 420, 918 and 270.49 µg/ml. The results obtained are reproducible with coeffi cient of variation less than 1.0%. Hence the present approach can be used as one of the parameters for the standardization of ayurvedic eye drop preparations.

Background: Phosal based excipients are liquid concentrates containing phospholipids. They are used to solubilize water-insoluble drug and also act as an emulsifier to get the smallest droplet size of the formed emulsion after administration. Objective: The aim is to prepare phosal based self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for water insoluble drug zaltoprofen. Methods: The various parameters like solubility of drug in different vehicles, ternary phase diagram are considered to formulate the stable emulsion which is further characterized by Self emulsification time and globule size analysis to optimize liquid SNEDDS of Zaltoprofen. Optimized L-SNEDDS was converted into free-flowing powder Solid-SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS). S-SNEDDS was evaluated for Globule size analysis after reconstitution, in vitro dissolution study and in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats. Results: Phosal 53 MCT with highest drug solubility was used as oil along with Tween 80 and PEG 400 as surfactant and cosurfactant respectively to prepare liquid SNEDDS. Neusilin us2 was used as an adsorbent to get free-flowing S-SNEDDS. S-SNEDDS showed improved dissolution profile of the drug as compared to pure drug. In vivo study demonstrated that there is a significant increase in Cmax and AUC of S-SNEDDS compared to zaltoprofen powder. Conclusion: Phosal based SNEDDS formation can be successfully used to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drug zaltoprofen.

The objective of the study is to develop and optimize self nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) of Etodolac. Among the oils and surfactants studied, Phosal 53 MCT, Labrasol and PEG 400 were selected as they showed maximal solubility to Etodolac. The ternary phase diagram was constructed to find out the region forming Microemulsion. The optimized liquid SNEDDS formulation consisted of Phosal 53 MCT, Labrasol and PEG 400 as oil, surfactant and cosurfactant. Self emulsification time, % Transmittance and Relative turbidity were used as variables for optimizing the Liquid SNEDDS formulation based on Box Behnken Design. L-SNEDDS formulation was evaluated for various studies including globule size analysis, TEM and in vitro dissolution study. The results suggested that the Self emulsifying formulation can enhance the dissolution of poorly soluble drug and has a potential to enhance drug absorption and improve bioavailability of drug.

Objective: This study was intended to investigate the potential of the colon specificity approach comprising of use of pH-sensitive and time-dependent polymers in combination for precise colonic release of Mesalamine or 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). Methods: The extrusion and spheronization method, preferably employed in industry for allowing high dose capacity to formulate, was used to prepare drug pellets. The Wurster coating technique used for aqueous coatings of Eudragit NE 40D as an inner coat and Eudragit FS30D as outer coat. The changing pH media used for in vitro release study of optimization batches for both the coating levels. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate coating thickness and surface morphology. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters of formulation evaluated by in vivo study in rabbits revealed that the uncoated formulation released the drug too early in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) with a mean Cmax of 1205.28±0.37 µg/ml at 2 h after administration, whereas desired lag time was achieved in case of coated pellets exhibiting mean Cmax 465.94±0.21 µg/ml and tmax of 8 h. Conclusion: The in vitro and in vivo release study divulge the reliability of approach involving the use of pH sensitivity and time dependency of polymer for drug release in a single formulation for the treatment of colonic diseases. Hence, the present study provides constructive results for colon targeting of 5-ASA pellets with industrially feasible processes.