Genetic diversity of flax isozyme patterns of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, and cytochrome-c-oxidase in leaves, as well as the level and the relative amounts of fatty acids in seed oil were studied in flax species. The isozyme loci examined were found to be polymorphic. It was shown that each of the flax species studied was characterized by strictly defined amounts and proportions of fatty acids, i.e., the fatty acid composition of the seed oil may be used as a species diagnostic trait. Our results suggest that all of the flax species studied have the same ancestor. Linum grandiflorum was shown to be a phylogenetic branch split at an early stage of the flax evolution.
Esterase isoenzyme spectra of different organs of seedlings and field-grown plants of fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L., cv. Belinka) were studied by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel for estimating ontogenetic variability of gene expression. Formation of individual isoesterases depended on the type of tissue and the stage of its development. Isoesterases characteristic of exclusively one or some tissues of the same developmental stage were revealed simultaneously with basic esterase isoforms active in all analysed parts of seeds, seedlings and field-grown plants. The revealed changes of esterase isoenzyme spectntm during germination show tissue and time specificity of the endogenous regulation of genes controlling their formation.
The contents of adenine nucleotides and nicotinamide coenzymes, along with morphological traits, were studied in fiber flax cultivars and F 1 hybrids at various ontogenetic stages. The bioenergy parameters of heterotic hybrids proved to be significantly higher than in the parental cultivars, suggesting a higher activity of energy-producing processes determining the intensity of plant growth and development. The character of the heterosis effect on morphological, bioenergy, and productivity parameters was evaluated in the F 1 hybrids varying in the extent of heterosis. Hybrids that displayed positive dominance or superdominance in productivity parameters showed heterosis for most bioenergy traits.
PLANT GENETICS
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