No abstract
A three-section tillage unit has been developed that allows several operations to be performed in one pass: slotting to a depth twice as deep as cultivation, cultivation, crushing the soil and harrowing. At the same time, the grip width of the chopper and harrow of the first and third sections is equal to the width of three cultivating points, and the second base section is five, the operation of the unit with the proposed arrangement of working units improves the quality of the soil treatment. The design of a universal cultivating point of a new sample is presented, containing a chisel located in the bow and slotting machines in the form of two disks with teeth. Using the proposed universal cultivator point of a new sample provides improved soil cultivation by achieving more stable cultivator progress, increasing the unhindered access of irrigation water to the underlying layers of the root zone of plants, improving the water-air regime of the soil environment, increasing the operational reliability of the slotting machine and reducing the consumption of fuels and lubricants to 15 % A promising direction in the development of combined units with removable working units is the creation of combined working units for both sowing seeds, applying mineral fertilizers and herbicides, with the aim of conducting direct sowing of row crops in both dotted and combined ways. The combination of tillage operations with the placement of several working units on one rack allows you to reduce the number of frames in the unit while reducing the metal consumption of the structure by 10 ... 15%, which leads to an increase in the economic efficiency of the tillage unit.
Finding the values of the frequency and sound pressure of an acoustic wave, which ensures the process of loosening loam soil, is a very important task. We assumed that the value of the average sound pressure at which the intensity of the cavitation process would be maximum is equal to twice the value of the hydrostatic pressure. The minimum radius of the formed bubble is directly proportional to the doubled surface tension of the soil solution and inversely proportional to the ultimate compressive strength of soil. The value of the ultimate compressive strength of loam soil depends on its absolute moisture content. The angular frequency of the sound field is directly proportional to the tillage depth and the ultimate compressive strength of the soil, and inversely proportional to the sound wave propagation speed and the surface tension of the soil solution. With a loam soil density ρ=1554 kg/m3 and a tillage depth h=0.3 m, the average sound pressure was PA=9324 Pa. In the interval of physical ripeness of loam soil, the oscillation frequency of the sound field was in the range of 19 762 to 37 773 s-1.
Designed pneumatic sowing machines that work on vacuum, the first is to dotted and a combined seeding, a combined method of two cultures are sown in a row with placement on a different planting depth, sowing in the presented apparatus, the vacuum chamber is original structurally and made arcuate at the output which is fixed at the two sleeves on each seeding disk, replacing the existing mechanical kickers of excess seeds and metal ejectors, this approach allows us to bring to the minimum amount of seed damage, this helps to increase productivity. The device is used for seeding seeds, both for grain and silage, which allows you to get a high-protein feed mass for livestock. The second seeding device is distinguished by the fact that the regulation of seeding with alternating components occurs remotely, from the tractor cab, thanks to the innovative design features of the device. The developed pneumatic device with a controlled seeding process and the possibility of obtaining a crop by alternating seeds of different cultures makes it versatile and cost-effective. The use of the developed devices increases the functionality of pneumatic seeding machines, allows you to sow seeds of various crops simultaneously in a single row in a combined way, as well as dotted, with strict observance of the exact single-grain seeding, which contributes to an increase in yield up to 10-15%.
A seeding device is presented in which the dispensers contain pads, the parameters of the dispenser and the pads are identical except for the thickness, the thickness of the dispenser is twice the thickness of the lining. It is shown that the gap between the dispenser and the pad is 0.5-1.0 mm, on the dispensers and pads the cells are distributed into groups, each group has three cells, there are four groups with the same distance between each other. It was found that the distance between the cells corresponds to 8...12 mm for sowing rowed seeds, and 4...6 mm for forage crops. It is noted that the middle cells of each group are located at the intersection of horizontal and vertical axes, the centers of cells on dispensers and pads coincide. The condition is determined under which the distance between groups of cells will be S ≥ 3d + 2a, mm, where S is the intergroup distance, mm; d is the diameter of the cell, mm; a is the distance between cells in the group
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