Appropriate technique choice may affect ski performance. V2 ski skating technique has in recent years become more widely applied on uphill terrain where V1 technique has typically been used. This investigation compared physiological responses of skiers using V1 and V2 techniques during uphill treadmill roller-skiing. Part 1: six skiers from B-level national ski teams participated in technique comparisons performed under six uphill conditions (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 degrees) with speeds selected so external work was approximately constant for each slope. The 12 trials of 5-min steady-state skating were randomly distributed across two test sessions of six trials each. Heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO(2)), blood lactate concentration (La) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. Part 2: 15 skiers from A-level and B-level national ski teams participated in V1-V2 technique comparison on constant slope (5 degrees) with five speeds ranging from 2.25 to 3.25 m s(-1). In two test sessions of V1 or V2 skating (randomly assigned for 2 days) similar characteristics as Part 1 were measured. Across all variables consistent responses were observed for both the experimental parts. As slope increased, V2 skating became increasingly costly compared to V1 skating. At constant slope across the range of speeds, V2 was more costly than V1 skating. This suggests that it may be disadvantageous for skiers to use V2 instead of V1 skating technique on moderate to steep uphill terrain. Doing so may result in elevated HR, La, and VO(2) compared to V1 skating at the same speed.
Eight female handball players from the Norwegian national team were tested for maximal oxygen uptake, maximal isometric strength and maximal running velocity on four occasions during a year. The first test (T1) was made at the beginning of the preparation for a new season, the second (T2) in the middle of the preparation period, the third (T3) at the beginning of the season for the national league, and the fourth (T4) just before the most important tournament for the national team that year. Between T1 and T2 strength training had priority, between T2 and T3 endurance and sprint training had priority, and between T3 and T4 physical training was reduced. Mean maximal oxygen uptake was 51.3 +/- 2.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) at T1 and was at the same level at T2. At T3 and T4 maximal oxygen uptake was increased to 53.8 +/- 2.7 and 53.5 +/- 2.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (p < 0.05), respectively. Mean maximal isometric strength increased from 154.6 +/- 25.7 at T1 to 168.9 +/- 26.8 N at T3 (p < 0.03). Mean maximal running velocity was 7.85 +/- 0.24 m x s(-1) at T1 and was not significantly changed at T2 and T3, but was increased to 8.02 +/- 0.22 m x s(-1) at T4 (p < 0.03). In conclusion with our training model, where strength training had priority in the first part of the training period, followed by a period where sprint and endurance training had priority, we were able to increase both maximal oxygen uptake and maximal running velocity in female elite handball players in the period with the most important tournament.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.