A new chromogenic artificial receptor, a 1,3-bis(indoaniline)-derived calix[4larene, has been prepared, the ethyl acetate derivative of which shows a selective CaZ+-induced pronounced colour change (wavelength change >lo0 nm) with an association constant of the order of 106 in 99% EtOH.
The beam performance of the electron optics proof of concept ͑POC͒ multicolumn-cell ͑MCC͒ system has been evaluated. The two beams at the near center of a 4ϫ4 layout with 25 mm pitch show good uniformity and low interference. The MCC system is imaged with a variable-shaped beam and character projection electron optical system having a vector scan beam deflection and a ''write-on-the-fly'' stage motion control. Cost performance analysis gives the most effective number of column cells in the MCC system.
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Demagnifying immersion magnetic lenses used for projection electron beam lithography without crossoversHigh-throughput electron-beam ͑EB͒ lithography systems require high current. However, beam blur increases because of the individual Coulomb interaction among the electron beams. Isolating the electron beam into 4 -16 perfectly independent beamlets is effective. As for the electromagnetic lens, many openings in the parallel flat plates can form the compound eye lens. This lens is called the lotus root lens ͑LRL͒. Simulations and experiments with the LRL were carried out. In the case of LRL of 4ϫ4 openings with a 22 mm pitch, the uniformity of magnetic field along the axis was within 0.2%. The basic lens function between two openings separated by 44 mm in the LRL with 21 openings in the conventional column qualitatively evaluated. The LRL should be a potential platform for a multicolumn cell system that provides a multibeam direct-writing system that utilizes variable-shaped beam or character projection as unit-column optics.
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