With the increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EV) in the future, VPPs can take some actions for meeting their demand. This way, VPPs can increase their income by selling electric power to EVs and utilizing the battery of EVs as energy storage to facilitate the deployment of renewable energy resources. However, investing too much in charging stations may not have an acceptable return on investment. In this paper, we study the optimal operation and planning of a VPP which is located to certain part of the network and is composed of wind turbines, PV units, as well as unidirectional and bidirectional EV charging stations. In our proposed approach, optimal planning is done considering that the system will be operated optimally. According to the simulation results, EV owners' behavior could have a significant impact on the optimal planning decision of the VPP. In addition, optimal number of the unidirectional and bidirectional EV charging stations depend on the share of the PV and wind generation and the capacity of the line between the VPP and upstream grid.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.