In the present paper we use the flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric describing a spatially homogeneous and isotropic universe to derive the cosmological redshift distance in a way which differs from that which can be found in the astrophysical literature. We use the co-moving coordinate r_e (the subscript e indicates emission) for the place of a galaxy which is emitting photons and r_a (the subscript a indicates absorption) for the place of an observer within a different galaxy on which the photons - which were traveling thru the universe - are absorbed. Therefore the real physical distance - the way of light - is calculated by D = a(t_0) r_a - a(t_e) r_e. Here means a(t_0) the today’s (t_0) scale parameter and a(t_e) the scale parameter at the time of emission (t_e) of the photons. Nobody can doubt this real travel way of light: The photons are emitted on the co-moving coordinate place r_e and are than traveling to the co-moving coordinate place r_a. During this traveling the time is moving from t_e to t_0 (t_e ≤ t_0) and therefore the scale parameter is changing in the meantime from a(t_e) to a(t_0). Using this right way of light we calculate some relevant classical cosmological equations (effects) and compare these theoretical results with some measurements of astrophysics (quasars, SNIa and black hole in M87) to get the parameters of the theory. We get the today’s Hubble parameter H_0 ≈ 65.638 km/(s Mpc) as a result. This value is smaller than the Hubble parameter H_0,Planck ≈ 67.66 km/(s Mpc) resulting from Planck 2018 data which is discussed in the literature. Furthermore, we find for the radius of the Friedmann sphere R_0a ≈ 2,712.48 Mpc. The today’s mass density of the Friedmann sphere results in ρ_0 ≈ 4.843 x 10^-27 g/cm^3. For the mass of the Friedmann sphere we get M_FS ≈ 1.206 x 10^56 g. The mass of black hole within the galaxy M87 has the value M_BH, M87 ≈ 2.358 x 10^45 g.
No abstract
Here we use the flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric describing a spatially homogeneous and isotropic universe to derive the cosmological redshift distance in a way which differs from that which can be found in the astrophysical literature. We use the co-moving coordinate re (the subscript e indicates emission) for the place of a galaxy which is emitting photons and ra (the subscript a indicates absorption) for the place of an observer within a different galaxy on which the photons - which were traveling thru the universe - are absorbed. Therefore the real physical distance - the way of light - is calculated by D = a(t0) ra - a(te) re. Here means a(t0) the today’s (t0) scale parameter and a(te) the scale parameter at the time of emission (te) of the photons. Nobody can doubt this real travel way of light: The photons are emitted on the co-moving coordinate place re and are than traveling to the co-moving coordinate place ra. During this traveling the time is moving from te to t0 (te ≤ t0) and therefore the scale parameter is changing in the meantime from a(te) to a(t0). Using this right way of light we calculate some relevant classical cosmological equations (effects) and compare these theoretical results with some measurements of astrophysics. As one result we get e.g. the today’s Hubble parameter H0a ≈ 62.34 km/(s Mpc). This value is smaller than the Hubble parameter H0,Planck ≈ 67.66 km/(s Mpc) resulting from Planck 2018 data [12] which is discussed in the literature.
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