The article deals with the ways of English publicistic metaphoric neologisms translation into Ukrainian. The neological metaphor is considered as a means of language vocabulary replenishing as a result of semantic process in which the name is transferred from one referent to another based on their associative similarity. In terms of translation, neometaphor is a new linguistic-cognitive tool in one language that requires structurally-semantic and functionally-communicative equivalent in another language. The material of this study is metaphoric neologisms, selected by sampling from the texts of English press, namely, newspapers, journals and Internet sources «The Economist», «The Atlantic», «BBC News», «The national geographic», «The Guardian», «The Financial Times», «The Washington Post». Having studied a large number of works of both national and foreign linguists, we have concluded that the vocabulary of the newspaper text requires a special analysis, which is important not only on the basis of separate words and sentences study, but on the level of its understanding, so that the reader can follow cognitive perception of the whole text.
Subject under consideration in the article is the problem of stress in professional activity of academic staff. It has revealed modern scientific ideas about stress. The reasons, manifestations, consequences of professional stress of a university lecturer have been analyzed on the basis of applied sociological research conducted among the academic staff of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. The article presents the research results of professional stress impact on professional activity of academic staff. It has been shown that the professional activity of a lecturer is accompanied by numerous stress factors that determine professional stress and have negative influence on his/her professional activity effectiveness. It has been noted that the violation of adaptive mechanisms, low stress resistance with prolonged chronic influence of stress factors, leads to a number of psychosomatic diseases. The strategies of overcoming behavior in stressful situations have been studied among the scientific and pedagogical staff of NULES of Ukraine. The features of overcoming professional stress among teachers with different stress levels have been revealed. Gender characteristics of higher school teachers have been established: a high susceptibility of women to stress, due to their expressiveness, the desire for success in professional career and in personal life, as well as a high frequency of stress development among young teachers, since they have to gain credibility with students. It has been identified that professional stress among teachers with working experience is mainly due to numerous educational reforms and toughening requirements. The importance of stress resistance has been noted, which is associated with innate qualities, but can be strengthened by competent planning and administration responsibilities, the creation of a comfortable working environment by the heads of the faculties and departments, the work of psychologists and the lecturers themselves.
Subject under consideration in the article is memory as entire, complex and uninterrupted process and lecturer’s influence on character of students’ memory processes. Efficient techniques for improving memory processes of various scientists and the features of modern technologies for English vocabulary memorizing have been studied; nontraditional ways of words memorizing in the English language teaching methods, shown good results in practice have been proposed. The author has analyzed the inclusion of psychology for studying English. The psychological aspects of efficiency increasing of new words memorizing in English classes have been shown. It has been proposed that teachers take into account the individual differences of students in perception and memorization of new English vocabulary. The use of psychological methods of mnemonics and pictograms in English classes has been also considered. Recommendations concerning positive consequences of lecturer’s impact on character of students’ memory processes have been given in the article.
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