No abstract

he effects of diets supplemented with six different medical plants (fenugreek meal (FM), (Trigonella foenum-graecum); fenugreek sprouts meal (FSM); eucalyptus fresh leaves (EFL), (Eucalyptus citriodora); hot pepper meal (HPM) (Capsicum frutescens L. var. abbreviatum); thyme seeds meal (TSM) (Thymus vulgaris) and chamomile flowers meal (CFM), (Matricaria recutita L) at three levels (0.00; 1.00 and 2.00 %) on the growth performance, feed utilization and whole body composition and some physiological parameters of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry were studied. Fish were reared in twenty six glass aquaria (100 L volume of water /aquarium; duplicates per treatment) with an average initial weight of 0.82 ± 0.3 g/fish. Thirteen experimental diets were formulated to contain 30% crude protein and 438.09 Kcal gross energy /100 g. Results obtained are summerized in the following: 1-Regardless of levels, averages of growth performance and feed utilization parameters that affected with medicinal plants, the best were for FSM diets (P≤0.05) followed by a significant decreased order of FM; EFL; HPM and both TSM and CFM, respectively. 2-Regardless of medicinal plants sources, averages of growth performance and feed utilization parameters that affected with levels medicinal plants the best were (P≤0.05) for supplementation level of 1 %, follwed by a significant decreased order of 0.00 and 2.00 % level, respectively. 3-Concerning the interaction between medicinal plants sources and their levels (0.00, 1.00 and 2.00 %) the highest growth performance and feed utilization values (P≤0.05) were obtained in group 1 % FSM (diet No.4), while the lowest was recorded by the group 2 % TSM (diet No.11). 4-About interactions between medicinal plants sources and their levels; it was observed that the lowest total plasma protein (g/dl), total plasma lipid (g/dl), Hb (g/dl), Ht (%), AST (U/L), ALT (U/L) and uric acid concentrations (mg/dl) parameters were obtained by group 1 % FSM (diet No.4), while the highest values were recorded by the 2 % TSM (diet No.11). In general, and based on the obtained results, it could be concluded that addition of 1 % FSM is optimal for growth of the mono-sex Nile tilapia, O. niloticus, fingerlings without any adverse effect on fish health.

ABSTRACThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of partial and total replacement of fish meal protein by sesame seed meal (SSM) protein in commercial diets on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile mono sex Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Fish of an average initial weight of 0.60 ± 0.01 g were stocked in 15 glass aquaria (80 l each) at a rate of 15 fish per aquarium. Fish meal protein (18% of the diet) was used as the sole source of animal protein in the control diet. Percent replacements of fish meal by sesame seed meal on the basis of crude protein were as follows: 0 % (control diet A), 25 % (diet B), 50 % (diet C), 75 % (diet D) and 100 % (diet E). All tested diets were almost isonitrogenous and fed at a rate of 4 % of fish body weight, and then gradually reduced to 3 % of the total fish biomass daily, for a period of 16 weeks. The results of this study revealed that, fish fedon diet A (100 % FM) had the highest average body weight, specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain %, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER), but the lowest was obtained with fish fed diet E (100 % SSM). The same parameters of fish fed on diets B (25 % SSM) and diet C (50 % SSM) were not significantly different (P > 0.01) from those of fish fed on the control diet A. Proximate composition of the whole body moisture and ash contents were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the dietary treatments. Whole body protein contents for fish fed on diets B, C and D were superior to the control diet. Incorporation of sesame seed meal in the fish diets increased significantly whole body fat content. Incorporation of sesame seed meal in the diets significantly increased apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein, crude fat and energy. Therefore, these results suggest that up to 50 % of fish meal protein can be replaced by sesame seed protein in mono sex Nile tilapia diets without any adverse effect on growth performance and feed utilization, body composition and digestibility.

Black seed meal (Nigella sativa) and roqutte seed meals (Eruca sativa) were tested to replace soybean meal (SBM) in diets for mono sex Nile tilapia fingerlings (Orecreomis niloticus). Nine isonitrogenous (30% CP), isocaloric (460 kcal GE/100g) diets were formulated to contain black seed (BSM) and roquette seed meals (RSM) as a partial replacement of soybean meal at different levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) forming 9 treatments, 4 with BSM and 4 with RSM and the control. The diets were fed daily at a rate of 4 % of fish body weight in triplicate groups with 15 Nile tilapia fingerlings each (3.14g/fish), in 80 l glass aquaria for 90 days period. Data collected were on growth rate, feed utilization and body composition along with simple economic evaluation. Results of growth performance showed that SBM substitution with BSM and RSM were nearly similar. Survival rate was not affected greatly but it seems that all levels of BSM substitution were more favorable than the other RSM substitutions. As for feed utilization most treatments used showed similar results to the control. The 20 % RSM replacement (instead of SBM) showed the lowest values. Carcass CP content was not affects by all levels of BSM and 5 to 15% levels of RSM that substituted SBM. Carcass fat content showed no significant differences among all groups and the control group. The highest ash content in fish body was obtained by fish fed T9 diet which contained 20% RSM as a partial replacement of SBM. The present study suggest that BSM and RSM have were more economic efficiency when replacing SBM at levels of 20% and 15%, respectively in Nile tilapia fingerlings diets.