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Little is known about the increase in length of tendons in postnatal life or of their response to limb lengthening procedures. A study was carried out in ten young and nine adult rabbits in which the tibia was lengthened by 20% at two rates 0.8 mm/day and 1.6 mm/day. The tendon of the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) muscle showed a significant increase in length in response to lengthening of the tibia. The young rabbits exhibited a significantly higher increase in length in the FDL tendon compared with the adults. There was no difference in the amount of lengthening of the FDL tendon at the different rates. Of the increase in length which occurred, 77% was in the proximal half of the tendon. This investigation demonstrated that tendons have the ability to lengthen during limb distraction. This occurred to a greater extent in the young who showed a higher proliferative response, suggesting that there may be less need for formal tendon lengthening in young children.

We report the first measurement of the lepton forward-backward asymmetry AFB as a function of the squared four-momentum of the dilepton system, q 2 , for the electroweak penguin process B → Xsℓ + ℓ − with a sum of exclusive final states, where ℓ is an electron or a muon and Xs is a hadronic recoil system with an s quark. The results are based on a data sample containing 772 × 10 6 BB pairs recorded at the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e + e − collider. AFB for the inclusive B → Xsℓ + ℓ − is extrapolated from the sum of 10 exclusive Xs states whose invariant mass is less than 2 GeV/c 2 . For q 2 > 10.2 GeV 2 /c 2 , AFB < 0 is excluded at the 2.3σ level, where σ is the standard deviation. For q 2 < 4.3 GeV 2 /c 2 , the result is within 1.8σ of the Standard Model theoretical expectation.

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