Crop growth modelling is one of the important sciences in field crop sciences for it helps to reduce time and effort in searching for a fact or result. This article was dealed with a formula to predict maize ear grain weight when plants still standing on farm. Two genotypes of maize were used in this trial, a hybrid of feed maize was used in 2018 and an open-pollinated cultivar of pop corn in 2019. Ear length and diameter were measured on 50 randomly taken plants of full seed – set before harvest .Ears were harvested later, air dried ,threshed and weighed, then yield adjusted to 15% moisture .Ears were considered as cylinder ,and volumes of each ear were calculated .Date of observed ear grain weights and their volumes were analyzed for their correlation and regression ,they were fit in both years .The expected ear grain weight in 2018 formula was: expected dry ear grain weight (g) = - 0.1342 + 0.4871 ear volume (cm3) and in 2019 , the formula was : expected dry ear grain weight(g) = +0.3509 + 0.4776 ear volume (cm3). Date of observed and expected dry ear grain weights was analyzed by t- test. The results showed high similarity between observed and expected ear weights, indicating that these two equations will be helpful to estimate dry ear grain weight of maize, while plants still on farm.
A laboratory experiment was carried out in the Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Field Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during the period 2010-2019. That was to evaluate bread wheat seeds stored in spikes in their field emergence and seedling vigour. Seeds, of stored spikes were compared with naked seeds, treated with cruise and untreated. All three treatments of seeds were grown in the laboratory and traits of days to last day of emergence, days to emerge, % of emergence, and other trails were recorded. Seeds of stored with thein spikes gave better values in days to last day of emergence, days of emergence, percent of emergence, length of plumule, seedling vigour and speed of emergence. The percent of emergence was decreased with increased years of storage, but those stored in their spikes were less affected. It was concluded that storing bread wheat with spikes had better results in field emergence as compared to seeds threshed and stored.
During 2019-2020, the experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Field Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - Baghdad University, to investigate the impact of soaking wheat seeds produced during the 2016 agricultural season with three plant extracts (licorice root extract 2%, 4% and 6%, Acadian and Humic(500, 1000, & 1500 mg L-1). Aside from the two control treatments (soaking in distilled water with dried seeds). The results show that the soaking treatment with licorice root extract outperformed the other therapies in conventional laboratory germination, root length, and seedling vigor index (95 percent and 3.42 cm 1207) compared to the two control treatments (soaking with distilled water and dry seeds). While all the Humic and Acadian soaking treatments at the concentrations (500 and 1000) mg L-1 did not significantly differ with the distilled water soaking treatment.The characteristics of standard laboratory germination percentage, root length, coleoptile length and seedling vigor index. Thus, we conclude that soaking wheat seeds with high concentrations of Acadian (more than 1000 mg L-1) leads to a deterioration in the vitality of the seeds. While soaking with licorice root extract enhances the vibrancy and activity of wheat seeds compared to the other extracts used. As a result, we propose soaking the somewhat old and low-vital wheat seeds in a concentration of at least 2% licorice root extract. Keywords: Radicle dry weight, Seedling vigor, seed germination, seed storage.
Previous studies that sorghum ratoon differs in its performance when compared with the plants resulted from direct seeding and differed varieties, therefore, afield trial was conducted in spring and fall seasons of 2017 at the field of Field Crop-College of Agriculture-University of AL-Anbar (a Hernative site-Abu-Graib) to investigate the response of five sorghum varieties (Inqath, Lilo, Ishtar, Boohooth 70 and Caffier) to the ratoon cultivation. Results indicated that cultivation pattern affected most studied characters significantly. Plants of ratoon gave the highest values of number of days to the 75% flowering, number of tillers, green forage yield and less concentration of HCN (66.15 day, 21.40 tiller m−2, 8.75 t ha-1 and 54.64%), respectively compared with the direct seeding method. However, plants of direct seeding gave the highest averages of plant higher and leaf area (191.36 cm and 4910 cm2), respectively. Varieties were significantly different in their performance for all studied characters. Boohooth 70 was superior in number of days to the 75% flowering, plant height, leaf area, number of tillers, green forge yield and dry forge yield (59.75 days, 240.8 cm, 4554 cm2, 19.00 tiller m−2, 12.73 t ha−1 and 55.10%), respectively. However, Caffier gave the lowest concentration of HCN (58.67%).
The experiment was carried out in the Seed Technology Laboratory of the Field Crops Department - College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad for the 2018 season, with the aim of determining the effect of soaking wheat seeds with nanoparticles (MnNPs) at concentrations of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L-1 in addition to the two comparison treatments (distilled water and dry seeds), and for a period Soaking 6, 12 and 24 hours in the germination and seedling strength and using the best concentration and the best soaking time for nanoscale iron fertilizer for use in subsequent field and laboratory experiments. The treatments were distributed using the complete random design (CRD) with four iterations. The results of the study showed the superiority of the nano fertilizer over the two comparison treatments (soaking in distilled water and dry seeds) in giving the highest average for all the standard germination and seedling strength characteristics. In addition. The 24-hour soaking time outperformed the periods 6 and 12 hours in giving the highest average for all the studied traits.
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