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In the current study we show that non-verbal food-evoked emotion scores significantly improve food choice prediction over merely liking scores. Previous research has shown that liking measures correlate with choice. However, liking is no strong predictor for food choice in real life environments. Therefore, the focus within recent studies shifted towards using emotion-profiling methods that successfully can discriminate between products that are equally liked. However, it is unclear how well scores from emotion-profiling methods predict actual food choice and/or consumption. To test this, we proposed to decompose emotion scores into valence and arousal scores using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and apply Multinomial Logit Models (MLM) to estimate food choice using liking, valence, and arousal as possible predictors. For this analysis, we used an existing data set comprised of liking and food-evoked emotions scores from 123 participants, who rated 7 unlabeled breakfast drinks. Liking scores were measured using a 100-mm visual analogue scale, while food-evoked emotions were measured using 2 existing emotion-profiling methods: a verbal and a non-verbal method (EsSense Profile and PrEmo, respectively). After 7 days, participants were asked to choose 1 breakfast drink from the experiment to consume during breakfast in a simulated restaurant environment. Cross validation showed that we were able to correctly predict individualized food choice (1 out of 7 products) for over 50% of the participants. This number increased to nearly 80% when looking at the top 2 candidates. Model comparisons showed that evoked emotions better predict food choice than perceived liking alone. However, the strongest predictive strength was achieved by the combination of evoked emotions and liking. Furthermore we showed that non-verbal food-evoked emotion scores more accurately predict food choice than verbal food-evoked emotions scores.

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The idea that stimulus-specific motor control can be trained has been applied as an intervention for overeating. Research has shown that individuals who are trained to inhibit their responses towards certain foods consume less of those foods when presented with a bogus taste test. Here, we explored this effect with two modified training tasks; the stop-signal task and the go/no-go task. During training participants responded to images of healthy and unhealthy foods, with the inhibition training targeted towards the unhealthy foods. Consumption was then measured with a snack buffet including healthy and unhealthy foods that were either previously associated with stopping or novel. Both inhibition groups consumed fewer calories than those in the control groups, although this difference was greater in the go/no-go task. There were no stimulusspecific interactions in the stop-signal task; however, for the go/ no-go task the effect of inhibition training was specific to the unhealthy foods. These results suggest that stop-signal training may induce general self-control whereas the effect of go/no-go training may be more reliant on specific stop-stimulus associations. However, it is unclear from these results whether the effect is driven by a reduction in consumption in the inhibition groups or an increase in consumption in the control groups. The inclusion of an additional control group who observed food images without responding provides some evidence for the latter. This finding highlights the issue of reproducing normative behaviour in the laboratory with this type of research, and emphasises the need for longitudinal, clinical studies with more naturalistic measures.Seafood consumption is worryingly low in young children in Scotland despite current dietary goals targeting an increase in oilyfish intake and global recommendations to regularly include fish into the diet of infants. The aims of this study were to investigate the seafood inclusion in information resources and to investigate the beneficiary and cautionary messages for seafood during early years feeding. A review of early years feeding resources issued by Government, National Health Service (NHS), and reputable charities was conducted in March 2013. A list of published resources issued by health visitors in Scotland and searches of Tayside and Grampian NHS libraries, and from the publication websites for NHS Health Scotland, and the Department of Health (DH) were used to identify resources. Non-parametric comparative analysis was conducted to assess the occurrence of beneficiary and cautionary messages made on seafood to other food types (meat, poultry and vegetable). Thirteen early years feeding resources targeted towards parents were identified. Significantly more beneficiary messages were cited for vegetables whilst a significantly higher number of cautionary messages were cited for seafood than other food types. Seafood was the only food type to receive more cautionary than beneficiary claims. The prominence of negative seafood messages may be deter...

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