In this work, we present 16 directional and 27 intensity high‐quality values from Iberia. Moreover, we have updated the Iberian archeomagnetic catalogue published more than 10 years ago with a considerable increase in the database. This has led to a notable improvement of both temporal and spatial data distribution. A full vector paleosecular variation curve from 1000 BC to 1900 AD has been developed using high‐quality data within a radius of 900 km from Madrid. A hierarchical bootstrap method has been followed for the computation of the curves. The most remarkable feature of the new curves is a notable intensity maximum of about 80 μT around 600 BC, which has not been previously reported for the Iberian Peninsula. We have also analyzed the evolution of the paleofield in Europe for the last three thousand years and conclude that the high maximum intensity values observed around 600 BC in the Iberian Peninsula could respond to the same feature as the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly, after travelling westward through Europe.

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SUMMARYSeveral works have reported that hematite has non-linear initial susceptibility at room temperature, like pyrrhotite or titanomagnetite, but there is no explanation for the observed behaviours yet. This study sets out to determine which physical property (grainsize, foreign cations content, domain walls displacements) controls the initial susceptibility. The performed measurements include microprobe analysis to determine magnetic phases different to hematite; initial susceptibility (300 K); hysteresis loops, SIRM and backfield curves at 77 K and 300 K to calculate magnetic parameters and minor loops at 77 K, to analyze initial susceptiblity and magnetization behaviours below Morin transition. The magnetic moment study at low temperatura is completed with measurements of Zero Field Cooled-Field Cooled (ZFC-FC) and AC-susceptibility in a range from 5 − 300 K. The minor loops show that the non-linearity of initial susceptibility is closely related to Barkhausen jumps. Because of initial magnetic susceptibility is controlled by domain structure it is difficult to establish a mathematical model to separate magnetic subfabrics in hematite-bearing rocks.