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AimsTo investigate, in a 26‐week, open‐label, randomized, treat‐to‐target trial, the efficacy and safety of insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) once daily vs insulin glargine (IGlar) once daily in adults with Type 2 diabetes, inadequately controlled on basal insulin.MethodsParticipants were randomized (1:1) to IDegAsp once daily or IGlar once daily in combination with existing oral antidiabetic drugs. IDegAsp once daily was administered with the main evening meal or the largest meal of the day (agreed at baseline); dosing time was maintained throughout the trial. Participants titrated their insulin dose weekly to a mean pre‐breakfast self‐measured plasma glucose target [3.9–4.9 mmol/l (70–89 mg/dl)].Results IDegAsp once daily was non‐inferior to IGlar once daily in reducing HbA1c after 26 weeks [mean estimated treatment difference IDegAsp once daily − IGlar once daily: −0.03% (95% CI −0.20, 0.14)]. The evening meal glucose increment was significantly lower with IDegAsp once daily vs IGlar once daily [estimated treatment difference IDegAsp once daily − IGlar once daily: −1.32 mmol/l (95% CI −1.93, −0.72); P < 0.05]. The overall confirmed hypoglycaemia rate was higher with IDegAsp once daily (estimated rate ratio 1.43; 95% CI 1.07, 1.92; P < 0.05). The rate of nocturnal hypoglycaemia did not significantly differ between the IDegAsp and IGlar groups [estimated rate ratio 0.80 (95% CI 0.49, 1.30); not significant].ConclusionsIn participants with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulin, IDegAsp once daily improved glycaemic control and was non‐inferior to IGlar once daily. IDegAsp led to higher rates of overall hypoglycaemia than IGlar, with no significant difference in rates of nocturnal hypoglycaemia.

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Introduction: Overuse and improper dosage of antibiotics have generated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), a well-known bacterial strain can establish MDR leading to a variety of infections in humans. Furthermore, these PA strains hold the ability to form biofilms by generating extracellular polymeric substances on the surface of medical tools and critical care units. To supersede the infectious effect of MDR organisms, silver nanoparticles have been known to be the choice. Materials and Methods: Hence, the present study concentrates on the engineering of varying concentrations of gelatin-based polymeric hydrogel embedded with silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs) for controlled bactericidal activity against MDR PA biofilms. Biofilms formation by MDR PA was confirmed microscopically, and spectroscopy was taken as a tool to characterize and analyze the efficacy at every stage of experiments. Results: When MDR PA biofilms were treated with G-AgNPs prepared with 5 % gelatin concentration (AgNP3), they exhibited superior bactericidal activity. Furthermore, a dose-dependent study showed that 800 nM of AgNP3 could inhibit the growth of MDR PA. Conclusion: Hence it can be concluded that silver nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of 5% gelatin can act as a bactericidal agent in the inactivation of MDR PA biofilms, thereby controlling the infections caused by these biofilms.