SUMMARYMeningococcal disease is mostly endemic in Latin America, with periodic occurrences of outbreaks and epidemics over the last few decades. This literature review summarizes the available epidemiological data for this region between 1945 and 2010. Incidence rates and serogroup distribution differ from country to country and over time. Serogroups A, B, and C have all been major causes of meningococcal disease since the 1970s. In the last decade serogroups W135 and Y may now be emerging in certain countries, with serogroup A virtually disappearing. Although progress has been made in improving and coordinating the surveillance of invasive disease, the uniformity and quality of reported data reflect the fact that the current surveillance systems focus on passive rather than active reporting, hence the reliability of data may vary between countries. Consideration of vaccination policies to control meningococcal disease can only be made with a sufficient understanding of the changing epidemiology in the region.
Background: Haemophilus influenzae (six serotypes,a-f and non typable) causes upper and lower respiratory infections and invasive disease. Invasive disease due to non-b Haemophilus influenzae is an emerging disease after the introduction of universal vaccination strategy for serotype b in infants and toddlers (1998) in Argentina. Although the first strain was isolated at the hospital in 1994 during the prevaccinal period. Aim: to describe the frequency for invasive disease.Methods & Materials: We prospectively studied 113 strains non-b H. influenzae invasive disease isolated from 109 children aged 1 month-10 years (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) at the Microbiology Department,
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