Endothelial dysfunction is seen in patients with essential hypertension. However, it is still debated whether impaired endothelial function occurs before the development of hypertension. The aim of our study was to investigate whether endothelial dysfunction occurs in genetically vulnerable normotensive Chinese, and whether the endothelial dysfunction is worse as essential hypertension progresses. Endothelial function was assessed by high-resolution vascular ultrasound (7.5 MHz). The diameters of brachial arteries were measured at rest, during reactive hyperemia, and after sublingual administration of nitroglycerine (GTN) in 58 subjects with a mean age of 46.7 +/- 10.1 years. Among them, 18 patients had essential hypertension (Group 2), 20 normotensive subjects had a family history of hypertension (Group 3), and 20 normotensive subjects without a family history of cardiovascular diseases served as controls (Group 1). There was no difference in age among the three groups (Group 1: 46.5 +/- 10.5 versus Group 2: 46.7 +/- 9.5 versus Group 3: 44.50 +/- 11.21 years, P = NS). Flow-mediated dilatation of brachial arteries was significantly reduced in Group 2 and 3 as compared with Group 1 (Group 1: 13.2 +/- 5.9% versus Group 2: 8.0 +/- 3.6 versus Group 3: 4.86 +/- 3.5, both p < .01). On the other hand, nonflow mediated vasodilatation in response to GTN did not differ among the three groups. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is impaired not only in normotensive subjects with a family history of hypertension, but also becomes worse in the hypertensive patients.
Gyeonggi-do, Korea (the Republic of) Introduction : Recently, many researches have been actively conducted to evaluate age by artificial intelligence using various parameters. Prediction of skin age is important because biological age and skin age differ due to various environmental factors, beauty habits, and genetic factors. This study predicted skin age by using multiple regression analysis by five skin parameters that affect aging, and analyzed the predicted age of the group using the First Care Activation Serum and the group without it. Method : 290 women between the ages of 22 and 80 have been recruited in the study. Ninety-five people used First Care Activation Serum for at least three years (Test group), while 195 others did not use (Control group). Subjects were measured by ten parameters (The skin hydration, skin color, gloss, wrinkles, Trans-epidermal water loss, Transparency, Sebum, pH, Melanin and Erythema). Result : Five parameters (The skin hydration, wrinkles, skin color, transparency, and gloss) were changed according to age among ten parameters. Thus, these five parameters were used to perform multiple regression analysis to derive a regression formula for predicting skin age. The regression formula for predicting age using the five skin parameters was suitable for predicting age by having adjusted R-square of 0.685 and showing significant results. Test group was used First Care Activation Serum for an average of 12.05 years, and the predicted skin age was 17.91 years younger than those that did not use product. Discussion : In this study, we developed a formula for predicting skin age using five simple skin measurements. Furthermore, this regression formula is suitable for predicting age because it has 68.5% of the expression's explanatory power. The study also confirmed that skin age may vary depending on beauty habits.
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