In experienced hands, FURSL can successfully treat patients with stones >2 cm with a high stone-free rate and a low complication rate. Although the studies are from high-volume experienced centers and may not be sufficient to alter everyday routine practice, this review has shown that the efficacy of FURSL allows an alternative to PCNL.

No abstract

Despite national cancer reforms, unmet supportive care needs persist. The findings from this study may be central in the re-design of future services to optimize men's quality of life and satisfaction with care. Clinicians are encouraged to use these finding to help them optimize care delivery and individual quality of life.

No abstract

Increased access sheath diameter does not improve flow when the working channel of a flexible ureteroscope is occupied. Our proposed configuration of a ureteral access catheter placed inside or alongside the access sheath provides by far the highest flow rates without a rise in the intrarenal pressure.

What ' s known on the subject? and What does the study add?The idea of using photosensitizing agents to enhance visualization of cancer tissue dates back to 1900. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was fi rst suggested for photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of transitional cell cancer (TCC) of the bladder in 1992. Since then, PDD with intravesical application of 5-ALA or its ester hexaminolevulinate (Hexvix) has proven to be superior over standard white-light cystoscopy in detection of carcinoma in situ and dysplasia as well as enhancing margins of TCC. PDD of upper urinary tract TCC is under-studied because of trouble with delivery of the photosensitizer. Fluorescence after oral 5-ALA was initially reported in 1956. Oral 5-ALA for photodynamic therapy was suggested for upper urinary tract TCC in 1998 and for refractory non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in 2001. A study in 2012 on oral and intravesical application of 5-ALA for bladder PDD showed no difference in diagnostic accuracy for each modality.To our knowledge our series is the fi rst report on use of oral 5-ALA for PDD in detection of upper urinary tract tumours. We published our initial results in 2010. We think that our recent audit is quite encouraging. PDD ureterorenoscopy resulted in detection of additional urothelial tumours that could have been missed by the conventional white-light endoscopy. We suggest that this technique should be used in large multicentre trials to replicate our results. OBJECTIVE• To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of photodynamic diagnostic ureterorenoscopy after oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) for upper urinary tract urothelial cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS• In this audit, twenty-six patients underwent thirty-nine procedures (cystoscopy/ureterorenoscopy) following oral administration of 5-ALA for photodynamic diagnosis (PDD).• Twenty mg/kg body weight of 5-ALA was given orally 3 -4 hours prior to the planned endoscopic visualisation.• Following standard white light cystoscopy and ureterorenoscopy, photodynamic diagnostic endoscopy was performed using D-light system (Olympus PDD cystoscope and 7.5Fr KARL STORZ PDD Flex-X ureterorenoscope) to detect fl uorescence.• Biopsies were carried out from all suspicious areas, noting if lesions were detected under white or blue light or both. RESULTS• A total of sixty-two biopsies were performed for suspicious urothelial lesions (35 bladder, 26 ureter/renal pelvis and 1 from prostatic urethra).• Of the 35 bladder biopsies, 11 lesions were seen under both white and blue light and 91% of these were malignant.• While 24 (68.5%) biopsies were taken from lesions seen only under blue light and 45.8% of these were malignant.• Similarly, of the 26 ureteric/renal pelvicalyceal biopsies, 11 were concurrent in both white and blue light and 100% of these were malignant.• While 10 (38.5%) lesions were seen only under blue light and 70% of these were malignant. CONCLUSIONS• Photodynamic diagnosis using oral 5-ALA is safe and feasible with additional advantages of detecting lesions not vis...

No abstract

No abstract