ТенденЦии и ПерСПеКТиВЫ Ключевые слова: устойчивое развитие, «зеленая» экономика, «зеленое» финансирование, «зеленые» облигации, инвестиционные проекты, экспортно-сырьевая модель экономического роста. В 2008 году в «Концепции долгосрочного социально-экономического развития Российской Федерации до 2020 года» отмечалось исчерпание экспортно-сырьевой модели развития экономики, и в качестве одной из целей ставилось внедрение чистых технологий производства. Одним из ключевых направлений достижения данной цели выступают «зеленые» инвестиционные проекты, направленные на защиту окружающей среды и рациональное природопользование. Однако до сих пор в России не создано адекватного требованиям времени механизма финансирования подобных проектов. «Зеленое» финансирование является инструментом обеспечения реализации «зеленых» проектов, технологий, мероприятий, обладающий высокой дюрацией, оказывающий положительное влияние на окружающую среду и, как следствие, на благосостояние населения. В качестве аспектов, отражающих развитие «зеленого» финансирования в России были проанализированы: инвестиции в основной капитал, направленные на охрану окружающей среды и рациональное использование ресурсов и их долю в инвестициях в основной капитал; рынок «зеленых» облигаций; структура финансирования инвестиционных проектов крупными компаниями, не заинтересованных в «озеленении» экономики (банками). Анализ позволил выявить, что инвестиций в основной капитал, направленных на охрану окружающей среды и рациональное использование ресурсов, явно недостаточно для поддержания экосистемы на должном уровне. Именно это и является основной проблемой формирования «зеленой» экономики в России. Рассмотрев российский рынок «зеленых» облигаций, можно сделать вывод, что пока рынок находится на стадии становления, многие элементы инфраструктуры практически отсутствуют. Важно отметить, что спрос на «зеленую» экономику будет возрастать, так как в обществе происходит осознание целесообразности осуществления экономического развития на основе жесткого соблюдения экологических норм и стандартов.
Sustainable agriculture is an integral aspect of the sustainable development of a socio-economic system. In this regard, innovation is considered to be one of the leading factors ensuring the development of sustainable agricultural since it increases the efficiency and competitiveness of the industry in the domestic and foreign markets. This study presents a system of recursive equations characterizing the innovations occurring within agricultural organizations in the regions of the Russian Federation. Additionally, the study assesses the sustainability of agricultural development in Russia by calculating the integrated index of five components: economic, innovative, social, ecological, and institutional. Also, the authors built a regression model that estimates the influence of innovation on the sustainability of agricultural development in Russia.
The article reveals the need to highlight the process of human resource management in the process model of the organization's quality management system. A review of the approaches of modern authors to the content of the stages of the human resource management process has been carried out. The author defines the content of the human resource management process in the quality management system as a consistent performance of the functions of strategic management, personnel planning and evaluation, personnel development, motivation and remuneration, the formation and development of corporate culture, as well as personnel risk management. For each stage of the human resource management process, scientific views are summarized and systematized regarding the most relevant approaches to their implementation from the standpoint of improving the efficiency of the quality management system.
Ключевые слова: кредитование, юридические лица, индивидуальные предприниматели, малый и средний бизнес. В условиях дефицита денежных средств банковское кредитование приобретает особое значение для обеспечения динамичного развития экономики. Кредитование позволяет решать текущие финансовые задачи, а также реализовывать систему стратегических планов. Чаще всего кредиты привлекаются юридическими лицами, индивидуальными предприниматели для осуществления инвестиционной деятельности, расширения и совершенствования производства, обновления основных фондов, повышения конкурентоспособности, повышения рентабельности и др. В статье рассмотрен объем кредитов, предоставленных юридическим лицам-резидентам и индивидуальным предпринимателем, а также малому и среднему бизнесу, как в рублях, так и в валюте; их отраслевая структура, объем задолженности по кредитам; распределение кредитов по регионам и др. В ходе исследования был сделан вывод, что кредитование выступает инструментом финансирования многих предприятий, причем у данного источника финансирования имеется высокий потенциал в будущем.
The textbook reveals the theoretical and practical foundations of the organization of state and municipal finance. It examines the economic role and functions of the state, the current state of the state and municipal sectors of the economy, public finance management, the essence of the budget and state extra-budgetary funds, the organization of the budget process. Priorities and main directions of development of the budget structure and budget system of the Russian Federation, tendencies of development of sovereign funds of the state as a monetary resource are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the formation and implementation of the budget policy of the Russian Federation, the formation of inter-budgetary relations, trends in the development of public credit and public debt, the peculiarities of the provision of state (municipal) services and procurement. The content of the textbook meets the requirements of the Federal state educational institution IN the areas of bachelor's and master's degrees of the enlarged group of specialties 380000 "Economics and management". The textbook is intended for students, postgraduates and teachers of economic and managerial areas of training, students of courses and faculties of qualification improvement, employees of financial authorities and persons independently studying state and municipal Finance.
The textbook reveals the theoretical and practical aspects of the organization of finance as a socio-economic category. It examines the essence and functions of finance, their role in the reproduction process, the structure of the financial system of the state, the content of state and municipal finance, financial management bodies, the essence of the budget and state extra-budgetary funds, the organization of the budget process. The priorities and main directions of the state's financial policy, forms and methods of state financial control, trends in the development of public credit and public debt are identified. Special attention is paid to the organization of the finances of economic entities, the role of taxes and taxation in the financial system of the state, the structure of the financial market, the functioning of international finance. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying under bachelor's, master's and specialty programs, graduate students and teachers of economic and managerial areas of training, students of courses and faculties of advanced training, employees of financial authorities and persons studying finance independently.
Introduction. Developing environmental entrepreneurship and attracting investments in the sphere of waste management are relevant for increasing the sustainability of economic systems in the circumstances of catastrophic environmental pollution, climate change, and depletion of natural resources. Based on the conducted research, the article assesses the impact of industrial and consumer waste generation on the development of the regional investment market in the sphere of waste management. Materials and Methods. A systemic analysis of the databases of the Federal State Statistics Service characterizing the development of the investment market in the sphere of waste management was performed using the correlation, factor, and regression (linear and nonlinear) methods of analysis, as well as the analysis of variance. On the basis of econometric dynamic modeling using instrumental variables, the study has revealed the dependence of the volume of investment in fixed assets in the Russian Federation aimed at environmental protection and rational use of natural resources on the volume and structure of generated industrial and consumer waste. Results. The volume of investment in fixed assets in the Russian Federation aimed at environmental protection and rational use of natural resources has been prognosticated taking into account the statistical criteria; conclusions have been drawn about strong influence of the dynamics of industrial and consumer waste generation. Based on the conducted research, proposals for increasing investment activity in the sphere of waste management have been formulated. Discussion and Conclusion. The sphere of waste management has a high development potential enabling this sector of the Russian economy, with appropriate competent investment policy, to solve not only environmental, but also significant macroeconomic problems. The results obtained can be used when elaborating and implementing measures aimed at the development of a waste management system, the key exogenous parameter of which, determining the magnitude of the macroeconomic effect, is the volume of investment in the production of waste collection and processing equipment.
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