Background: Burden of malnutrition is much higher in South Asia as compared to that in Africa and rest of the World. South Asia contributes to about 60% of the cases. Education of women has been seen to be the most effective in improving child's health. Present study is done to evaluate social demographic pattern in cases of severe acute malnutrition. Methods: Present study is prospective observational comparative study conducted at Department of Pediatrics included 175 cases after taking a informed written consent from the parent. Out of which 22 were lost to follow up and remaining 153 cases were analysed and further evaluated in the study Results: Cases who were from 6 month to 24 months of age were 73.2% (n=112) and rest of them were above 24 months of age. Girls were 53.6 % and 46.4% were boys. Percentage of illiterate mother was 41.2%, till primary were 28.8% and Only 10.4% of mothers were graduate. Nearly 50% of the households had per capita income less than or equal to 1000. Conclusions: SAM was more common in children < 24 months of age, boys and girls were almost equally affected. Maternal literacy and low per capita income was an important factor associated with SAM patients.
Background: Studies based on effects of lifestyle on hypertension and obesity in adolescent age group are lacking in India. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of lifestyle associated risk factors in school going adolescents of Kendriya Vidyalaya in district Firozabad and their effects on hypertension and obesity.Methods: The study was carried out among 200 students of classes 9th and 11th in the age group of 13 to 17 years. Students were given a pre-designed questionnaire and feedback was taken about dietary practices and physical activity along with family history of hypertension and obesity. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure was measured in all children. Effects of lifestyle associated risk factors were determined on obesity and hypertension.Results: The study documents that inappropriate dietary practices (fast food consumption, low fruit intake) and less physical activity were strongly associated with high prevalence of obesity and hypertension in the adolescents. The study also showed that adolescents with positive family history of obesity and/or hypertension are also at higher risk. There was a positive correlation between high BMI and hypertension.Conclusions: School based interventions are required to educate the adolescent children about lifestyle modifications to reduce the morbidity associated with non-communicable diseases.
Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is very common in developing countries. Coagulopathy occurs as a part of spectrum of multiorgan dysfunction following hypoxic insult. In asphyxiated neonate, bleeding due to coagulation abnormality is common and potentially life threatening. There are very few studies done on coagulation profile with perinatal asphyxia in last few decades. Aim: To evaluate the coagulation profile in neonates with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in a tertiary care center, Agra. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective clinical study undertaken in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) FH Medical College Agra, a tertiary care center catering rural and urban population. Total 60 neonates admitted with history of birth asphyxia between January 2022 to June 2022 were enrolled. Neonates were classified into Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) stage 1, 2 and 3 (according to Sarnat and Sarnat staging). Parameters such as Prothrombin Time (PT)/ International Normalised Ratio (INR) and platelet count was analysed. For describing continuous variables means and standard deviations and for comparison Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and Chi-square test were used. Results: In this study, total 60 neonates were enrolled. Out of these 43 (71.61%) were male and 17 (28.33%) female. Highest number of cases 34 (56.7%) were from HIE stage 3 followed by 22 (36.7%) HIE stage 2 and 4 (6.7%) from HIE stage 1. Among them 14 newborns with HIE stage 3 were died. PT and INR was significantly deranged in HIE stage 3 and 2 (p-value <0.05). HIE stage 3 has highest mortality and morbidity. Platelet count were normal in HIE stage 1 followed by decreased in HIE stage 2 and 3 and also statistically significant. Conclusion: Coagulation derangement is very common in babies with HIE and evident before clinical bleeding and this derangement is associated with poor outcome. Hence, timely intervention and appropriate management can improve the clinical outcome.
Background: Dengue is a mosquito borne viral infection which has higher morbidity and mortality in the paediatric age group than in the adult group. Objectives: To assess the clinical and haematological parameters for early diagnosis and better management of severe dengue (SD). Method: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, FH Medical College, Agra, India from September 2021 to February 2022. Confirmed dengue cases aged 1 month to 18 years were included in the study. Cases were classified into two groups, non-severe dengue (dengue fever and dengue with warning signs) and SD. All cases had complete history, clinical examination, and relevant investigations. Bivariate analysis was performed using Chi-square test and p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 801 confirmed cases of dengue, admitted in FH Medical College, were included in study. Of them, 564 had non-severe dengue and 237 had SD. Clinical features like gastrointestinal bleeding, lethargy, low pulse pressure, altered consciousness, ascites, bilateral pleural effusion and oliguria were significantly higher in SD as compared to non-severe dengue (p-value <0.05). Haematological parameters like severe thrombocytopenia, raised haematocrit (HCT), liver transaminase levels, deranged prothrombin time (PT) / international normalised ratio (INR), hypoalbuminaemia and radiological features like bilateral pleural effusion and ascites were significantly associated (p-value <0.05) with SD. Conclusions: In this study, clinical features like erythema, abdominal pain, vomiting, jaundice, cough, hepato-splenomegaly, severe bleeding, lethargy, low pulse pressure, altered consciousness, ascites and bilateral pleural effusion were significantly associated with SD compared to nonsevere dengue. Haematological parameters like severe thrombocytopenia, raised HCT, raised transaminase levels and deranged PT/INR and hypoalbuminaemia were also significantly associated with SD. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health, 2023: 52(2): 188-194
Background: Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PCR targeting IS1081in diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis and compare the results with MGIT culture.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of pediatrics, S.N. medical college, Agra. 100 subjects (28 pulmonary 72 extra pulmonary) were registered in study. The specimens obtained from these cases were subjected to Ziehl–Neelsen staining (ZN), MGIT 960 TB culture and PCR targeting insertion sequence IS1081. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of PCR were calculated in pulmonary and extra pulmonary specimens. The results of PCR IS1081 were compared to MGIT culture.Results: Microscopy with ZN staining was positive in 12 (12%) samples. MGIT culture was positive in 44% samples with maximum positivity in sputum (70%). PCR IS1081 has shown 93.3% sensitivity in pulmonary tuberculosis, while PCR IS1081 has shown 93.1% sensitivity in extra pulmonary tuberculosis. In diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis PCR IS1081 was found to be statistically significant (p value <0.05) as compared with MGIT culture. Result was statistically significant (p value <0.05) in CSF samples only.Conclusions: The study concluded that the PCR targeting sequence IS1081 technique is the most sensitive technique for a quick identification of MTB in pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.
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