Repeat mediastinoscopy is a safe explorative procedure for the restaging of patients with primary locally advanced, recurrent or second primary lung cancer. In patients after induction treatment it is, however, less sensitive than the primary mediastinoscopy because of adhesions and fibrotic tissue. Patients with persistent N2 or N3 disease in repeat mediastinoscopy have a poor survival so that the indication for surgery has to be taken into consideration very carefully.

Remediastinoscopy provides a histologic proof of mediastinal downstaging with high diagnostic accuracy, is technically feasible with low morbidity, and still remains a valuable tool, even in an era of highly sophisticated imaging and endoscopic procedures. Persisting nodal disease at repeat mediastinoscopy carries a poor survival in the majority of cases because of occult metastases, so that indication for surgical intervention in such an unfavorable group of patients should be evaluated very carefully.

Completion pneumonectomy can be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity, even in patients with benign disease. Patients with preoperative infection can be managed with bronchial stump covering and adequate postoperative drainage. Although complications are common, they can successfully be managed with a proper understanding of them.

Objectives

Resection of the tracheobronchial bifurcation with complete preservation of lung indicated for selected patients with local tumor growth at the distal trachea and carina provides low perioperative mortality and complications and results in long-term survival rates.

Metastases to the hilar lymph nodes in locally advanced NSCLC can be considered an initial N2-disease and should be treated correspondingly. Lymph node involvement by direct invasion is associated with a relatively more favourable prognosis for the patients.

Babies with hypoplastic left (HLHS) or right heart syndrome and associated hypoplasia of the great arteries continue to be a challenge in terms of survival. Early knowledge of these conditions encourages some researchers to explore new minimal invasive therapeutic options with a view to in utero cardiac palliation. The upcoming expansion of fetal cardiac interventions to ameliorate critically progressive fetal cardiac lesions intensifies the need to address issues about the adequacy of technology assessment in a suitable animal model. Methods: 13 intracardiac interventions were performed in chick embryos 3 days prior to hatching using transamniotic local anesthesia and fentanyl for fetal analgesia. After cutting a window in the shell above the previously candled embryo transamniotic intraventricular access was obtained using 22 gauge needles under ultrasound guidance. All hearts were evaluated by histological preparation after hatching. Results: All procedures were technically successful, however four of the study objects did not survive the first 24 hours after the procedure. Neither the myocardial or endocardial layers nor the outflow tract morphology of the surviving animals showed any signs of structural damage. Conclusions: Transamniotic intracardiac access is technically feasible and allowed survival to term in 9 of the 13 embryos studied.

significantly less aware of the G8 screening tool (56% vs 97% for SIOG members; p<0.001) and less prone to use it in clinical practice (50% vs 61% for SIOG members; p¼0.002). G8 use (or knowledge) was not affected by place of work nor region of the world. Finally, 76% felt that "all oncologists should be geriatric oncologists" and 96% that they needed more information and education in GO. Conclusions:The care of older patients with cancer is very heterogeneous. Despite the low number of responses, probably affected by the first lockdown of COVID-19 pandemic, there is a clear need for training in GO and information about the screening tools.Legal entity responsible for the study: ESMO/SIOG WG.