The EAS Cherenkov light array Tunka-133, with $ 3 km 2 geometric area, is taking data since 2009. The array permits a detailed study of cosmic ray energy spectrum and mass composition in the PeV energy range. After a short description of the methods of EAS parameter reconstruction, we present the allparticle energy spectrum and results of studying CR composition, based on 3 seasons of array operation. In the last part of the paper, we discuss possible interpretations of the obtained results.
a b s t r a c tA new EAS Cherenkov light array, Tunka-133, with $ 1 km 2 geometrical area has been installed at the Tunka Valley (50 km from Lake Baikal) in 2009. The array permits a detailed study of cosmic ray energy spectrum and mass composition in the energy range 10
16-10 18 eV with a uniform method. We describe the array construction, DAQ and methods of the array calibration. The method of energy reconstruction and absolute calibration of measurements are discussed. The analysis of spatial and time structure of EAS Cherenkov light allows to estimate the depth of the EAS maximum X max .The results on the all particles energy spectrum and the mean depth of the EAS maximum X max vs. primary energy derived from the data of two winter seasons (2009)(2010)(2011) are presented. Preliminary results of joint operation of the Cherenkov array with antennas for the detection of EAS radio signals are shown. Plans for future upgrades -deployment of remote clusters, radioantennas and a scintillator detector network and a prototype of the HiSCORE gamma-telescope -are discussed.
The objective of the Baikal Project is the creation of a kilometer-scale high-energy neutrino observatory: the Gigaton Volume Detector (GVD) in Lake Baikal. Basic elements of the GVD-new optical modules, FADC readout units, and underwater communication systems-were investigated and tested in Lake Baikal with prototype strings in 2008-2010. We describe the results of prototype strings operation and review the preliminary design and expected sensitivity of the GVD telescope.
Abstract. The Cherenkov light array for the registration of extensive air showers (EAS) Tunka-133 collected data during 5 winter seasons from 2009 to 2014. The differential energy spectrum of all particles and the dependence of the average maximum depth on the energy in the range of 6 · 10 15 -10 18 eV measured for 1540 hours of observation are presented.
Abstract. Data obtained with two detectors located at the Tunka Cosmic Ray facility are presented. The Cherenkov light array for registration of extensive air showers (EAS) Tunka-133 collected data during 5 winter seasons since 2009 to 2014. The differential energy spectrum of all particles and the dependence of the average maximum depth on the energy in the range of 6 · 10 15 −10 18 eV measured for 1540 hours of observation are presented.The preliminary all particle energy spectrum by the data of TunkaHiSCORE prototype array, installed in 2013, is presented. Some additional experiments in the Tunka Valley are briefly described.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.