Precise estimation of numbers of gregariously behaving desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.), populations is essential for the development of an economical control strategy. Such an estimate should facilitate proper deployment of scarce available resources frequently needed at widely scattered sites in infested areas. A simple, less time-consuming, yet precise and cost-saving technique for estimating absolute numbers of locusts based on plant counts has been developed. It was observed that on the Red Sea Coast of Sudan, which is a major locust breeding and recession area, locusts take shelter in different bushy plants including Panicum turgidum and Salsola forskalii. The numbers of locusts present in each plant were found to be highly correlated with its size. Simple linear regression models accounted for about 70% variability, when plant perimeter was used as a predictor variable. These models can be used to estimate locust numbers on a plant of a given size. Thus the number of infested plants in a sample area can be counted, and the locust density calculated mathematically. It was observed that in the study area P. turgidum and S. forskalii covered about 3.18% and 4.05% of the ground surface, respectively. The estimated density of locusts was 15.7 × 10 6 individuals per km 2 in a total infested area of 4 km 2 . Hence the swarm which was expected to fly out of that area would contain approximately 62.8 x 10 6 locusts.
Postpartum period is one of the sensitive period in any women’s life. As Hung Postpartum Stress Scale is the effective scale that measures level of stress in postpartum mothers. So, the study was conducted to translate and adapt this scale for Pakistani population. The aim was to translate this stress scale into Urdu language and to establish its psychometric properties. 343 postpartum mothers from government hospitals of Bahawalpur were studied for this purpose. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted and validity was measured. Test-retest reliability analysis was conducted which shows high value of reliability of the translated version. The reliability value is .90 which is considered as ideal value. In order to establish the validity, convergent validity and face validity analyses were conducted. Their results also support the acceptable validity of the translated version. This adapted version is easy to use for those who can speak and understand Urdu.
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