The Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effect of Achillea millefolium and Salix were investigated in rats and mice. The extracts of Achillea millefolium exerted significant antiinflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects. Also potentiated the sleeping time of thiopental sodium in mice. The doses used were 10.375 and 20.75 (watery extract) and 9.5 and 19 mg/100 gm b.wt. (ethanolic extract). Salix produced the same effects at doses of 0.0825 and 0.165 (watery extract) and 0.0850 and 0.170 mg/100 gm b.wt. (ethanolic extract). The extracts of both plants have an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effect.

ARTICLE INFO The pharmacokinetic aspects of tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg b.w.) were studied following intravenous administration alone and in combination with flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg b.w) in apparently healthy goats. Tulathromycin concentrations in serum were determined by microbiological assay technique using Bacillus subtiles (ATCC 66343) as test organism. The half-lives of distribution and elimination (t 0. 5 (a)and to.5(p)) were 0.071, 0.046 and 6.43, and 5.05 h. following intravenous injection of tulathromycin alone and in combination with flunixin, respectively. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was 0.249 and 0.96l/kg., mean residence time (MRT) was 6.27 and 5.99 h and total body clearance (Cl B) was 0.046 and 0.17 l/kg/hr., respectively. It was concluded that flunixin significantly altered the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin by increase its distribution and accelerate its elimination from body. Therefore care should be taken during use of tulathromycin in goats concurrently with flunixin.

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ARTICLE INFO The pharmacokinetic aspects of tulathromycin(2.5 mg/kg) administered alone and in combination with flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg) after a single subcutaneous (SC) administration, werestudied in clinically healthy goats. The animals were divided into two groups: the 1 st group was given tulathromycin alone and the 2 nd group was given tulathromycin concurrently with flunixin meglumine. Serum concentrations of tulathromycin were determined using microbiological assay method. Tulathromycin was rapidly absorbed with a half-life of absorption (t(0. 5) ab) of 0.54 h and the peak plasma concentration (C max) was 3.7ug/ml was attained after 0.98 h (T max). Flunixin significantly altered the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin by increasing its absorption and delay its elimination from body where t 0. 5 (ab)were 0.54 and0.34 h and the elimination half-lives (t 0. 5 (el)) were 1.35 and 1.8 h, for alone and combination groups, respectively. Significant decreases (39.8%) in the area under the curve (AUC) and (22.6%) in the elimination rate constant (Kel) from the central compartment were found following coadministration with flunixin compared with administration of tulathromycin alone. It was concluded that the combination of tulathromycin and flunixin negatively altered the kinetics of tulathromycin.

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