In the context of the fourth industrial revolution, high-quality human capital that creates innovations is becoming the key factor in building the competitiveness of individual companies and the national economy as a whole. The digital transformation of public life has had a significant impact on human capital development. Remote communication, robotics and artificial intelligence technologies have created new opportunities in education, health care and employment. Education and health care have become more individualized and high-tech. Opportunities for remote employment and combining work in several companies have appeared. However, digitization also poses challenges and threats to human capital development. These include the need for continuous upgrading of competencies, increased levels of stress due to the increasing information and emotional load on an individual operating in the digital environment. The general job cuts and decline in the rights of employees who have switched to telecommuting also characterize digital economy. In addition, the introduction of digital tools increases the risks of discrimination against various population groups and growing social and economic inequality. Under these conditions, holders of human capital face the need to acquire new knowledge, improve their professional qualifications and comprehensive personal development throughout their lives. In order to ensure the least painful inclusion of all society members in the digital environment, the state and business must create conditions for increasing the level of digital, financial and legal competence of population.
The trends of sustainable development and green agenda transform the production processes, leading industries, and regional markets, and reveal objective contradictions in ensuring the ecological safety of certain territories. This study aims to develop a methodology and assess ecological safety at aggregated system levels, taking into account natural and socioeconomic factors as well as the factor of human capital development with specification of the place of ecological safety in the concept of sustainable development. The objects of empirical research are the EAEU and CIS countries for the period 2010–2019, as well as 85 Russian regions. The scientific research toolkit is based on the methods of structural-logical, economical-statistical, and comparative analyses, and expert judgments. The concepts of sustainable development and human capital and the theory of the national school of ecological safety are analyzed using the systematic approach. The mixed methodological approach showed the interconnection of four approaches of assessing ecological safety (technogenic, environmental, institutional, resource-based). The authors developed a method for assessing ecological safety taking into account the contribution of human capital. The assessment results are typologized and grouped according to the dynamic trend. For the majority of the considered countries, changes in the level of ecological safety correlate with changes in socioeconomic indicators. The same trend is observed when considering the Russian regional formations. The contribution of human capital was recorded to a lesser extent. For several regions, the increased number of objects polluting the environment is accompanied by a decreased volume of polluting emissions into the atmosphere.
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