The use of hybrid fillers allows attaining a synergistic effect in spinning polymer composite materials (PCM) with an anisotropic structure and the required properties for their functional application with intercalation technology by varying the CF:BF(GF) ratio. Articles of complex configuration with an isotropic structure and sufficiently high mechanical properties were obtained. The possibility and efficacy of using basalt-filled plastics in different sectors of industry were demonstrated.Intensively developed polymer composite materials (PCM) are used in different sectors of industry and technology. They are not only successfully replacing traditional construction materials but can also work in conditions that exclude use of metals. Carbon fibres are among the most effective and promising reinforcing fibres for creating PCM used in conditions of high loads [1]. However, inorganic fibres are currently used in Russia due to the sharp drop in production of organic and chemical fibres [2] for reinforcing PCM. Basalt fibres are the most promising, since Russia has unlimited basalt reserves ( Fig. 1). There are large deposits of these rocks in the Ural, Kamchatka, Far East, Sakhalin, Kola Peninsula, Northwest Siberia, and the Transcaucasian [3,4].The enormous interest in continuous basalt rock fibres in the work is due to a number of factors;basalt fibres have characteristics which are better than glass fibres and only slightly inferior to carbon fibres on many indexes; the raw material base for production of basalt fibres is accessible and almost unlimited; the technological advances of recent years allowed significantly reducing the cost of production of basalt fibres to the level of production of glass fibres.Glass fibres have certain restrictions with respect to many characteristics: specific strength, temperature of use, chemical resistance, especially in basic media. In production of glass fibre for stock, up to 8-9 chemically pure components are used, including an especially scarce component boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ). Carbon fibres are relatively expensive for mass use in industry and construction. Basalt fibres are optimum with respect to price and quality. There are no alternatives to them in some areas of application.However, manufacture of basalt fibres (BF) is still in the initial stage of development, so that it is expedient to consider use of hybrid fibre fillers [5]. A combination of basalt and glass fibres (GF) with carbon fibres (CF) (120 mm fibre length) is proposed here, which could sharply reduce the cost of carbon-fibre-filled plastics, increase the physicomechanical indexes of hybrid PCM, and given them specific properties. Research on creating high-strength PCM has been conducted in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Saratov Technical University since 1998. Intercalation technology provides for production of basalt-filled plastics with 20-40% higher mechanical and physicochemical properties [6] in comparison to traditional fibreglass-filled plastics. The technology is based on use of the i...

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Hybridization of carbon fibre with basalt fibre significantly increases production of carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics, which allows expanding the areas of application of these effective materials not only for special purposes, but also for the most important types of products in machine building, auto and rail transport, in the river and marine fleet, etc. The increased demand for hybrid carbon-fibre-filled plastics requires nitron manufacturers to increase, and not decrease output and to use it not only in industry but also for manufacturing domestic wool-like items, which will reduce imports. Hybridization of carbon fibres with 30-40% basalt fibres will stimulate the development of the basalt fibre, yarn, and fabric sector, which will reduce their cost and expand the areas of application particularly for roads and transportation so that basalt will be as valuable a resource for our country as oil and gas.Carbon fibres have a set of properties (high strength and modulus of elasticity, heat and flame resistance, low density) that makes them irreplaceable in high-tech sectors of engineering. For example, modern wide-body aircraft consist of 20-25% carbon fibres. The nuclear industry is rapidly converting to the progressive centrifugal method of enriching uranium which is impossible without using high-modulus carbon fibre. Missiles with bodies made of carbon fibres have a longer flight distance and are more maneuverable. Many achievements in sports are due to the use of high-quality inventory made with carbon fibres.However, production of carbon fibres (filaments) is characterized by high cost. The price of the fibres varies as a function of the assortment from $50 to $200/kg [1]. The initial raw material for carbon fibres -the polyacrylonitrile fibre Nitron in our country -is unfortunately produced in insufficient quantities.One way of deliberately regulating the properties and cost of polymer composite materials (PCM) is to use hybrid fibrous fillers is promising. The combination of carbon fibres (CF) and inorganic basalt fibres (BF) and glass (GF) fibres. This will reduce the cost of carbon-fibre-filled plastics, increase the amount, and increase the physicomechanical indexes of basalt-and glass-filled-plastics and give these materials specific properties, and widen the area of their application.At Saratov State Technical University, intercalation technology for polymer composite materials has been developed and patented [2]. The promise of intercalation technology for PCM is due to the fact that the fibres (filaments) are impregnated not with phenol-formaldehyde oligomer but with a mixture of the initial monomers (at a fixed ratio of phenol with formaldehyde and NaOH catalyst) followed by synthesis of the oligomer and also because the thermosetting binder is cured in the structure of the fibre and the interfibre space. This is a new process where the polymer binder reacts with the reinforcing fibre based on intercalation (introduction) of a mixture of monomers in the structure of the fibres (filaments), follow...

A study was made of the possibility and effectiveness of using disperse basalt as a filler for epoxy resin. The obtained data demonstrate the expediency of using basalt for the filling of epoxy resin, which makes it possible to broaden the areas of application of the given filler for the creation of polymer composite materials of wideranging designation.

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