Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) temperament and character traits efficiently diagnose personality disorder and differentiate its individual subtypes. Character traits are used to diagnose the presence and the severity of personality disorder, whereas temperament traits are used for differential diagnosis. The distinction between temperament and character provides an attractive theoretical basis for etiological postulates and treatment of personality disorder.

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Following the dramatic changes in the social andeconomic situation in Russian during the last decade, a population survey has been carried out to determine the possible lJIfIuence of thisinstabilityon the mental health of the elderly. 116S people over the age of 6S in the limited districtof Moscow were studied. 9S.2% were individuallyinterviewed on a door-to-door basis. A clinicalexamination similar to the psychogeriatric examination which took place in the 1970s was used together with geriatric anddiagnostic scales. Of 1109 subject who underwent psychiatric examination, 4.9% were diagnosed as demented; 2.3% had psychoses and42.6% displayed non-psychotic mental disorders includingcerebro-vascular psycho-organic (18.7%); sub-depressive (12.6%), personality disorders (S.4%), milddementia (S.6%)ete. Prevelence of mental disorders proved to be higher than in the survey carried out in the 1970s especially for non-psychotic disorders. Psychosis and moderate-severe dementa were about the same. The data obtained suggests that the prevalence of non-psychotic disorders have increased in the elderly which may be due to social and economic changes in Russian society.

Neurosis-personality disorders and eating disorders; old age psychiatry dimensional model based on the model of John Rolland which providesacategorization schemethatorganizescharacteristics of chronic illnesses integrating both psychosocial and biomedical perspective. The firstdimension hasbeenconceptualized as dependent variableincapacitation; the second dimension-time phase of illness. conceptualized as categorical i.e, distinguishing three categories: crisis, chronic and terminal phase, in our sample was reduced to one category: chronic; third dimension included components of functioning in individual psychological. familyand widersocialcontext. Multiple regression (method:stepwise)-withdependent variable: incapacitationmeasured by scoreon GlobalAssessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) and independent variables: age. duration of PTSD, as well as scores on Family Inventory of Life Events(FILE),SocialSupport Index (SS!),Impact of Event Scale (IES),FamilyCopingCoherence (FCC), Family Hardiness Index (FH!), Relative and Friend Support (RFS)-shows that high scores on Social Support Index appear to be the significant predictor of higher scores on GAF scale i.e. lower incapacitation (p = 0.0153). This points at the significance of diagnostic modelthat integrates both psychological and socialcontextin psychiatric estimation ofPTSD.

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The objective was to analyseschizophrenia management in Tirnisoara (over 300,000 inhabitants) over the last 20 years.. Changesin the therapeuticteam, methodsandcase recordingsduring this period were analysed.

In1996 over 47'000 refugees from former YugoslavIa (37% of allrefugees) stayed inSwitzerland. Many of them arc severallyIraumatozed. Theilway throughthe healthservice and Ireatmentfacilities on Switzerland will be outlined. Itis argued that this institutional setting results in lowefficacy

Following the dramatic changes in the social andeconomic situation in Russian during the last decade, a population survey has been carried out to determine the possible lJIfIuence of thisinstabilityon the mental health of the elderly. 116S people over the age of 6S in the limited districtof Moscow were studied. 9S.2% were individuallyinterviewed on a door-to-door basis. A clinicalexamination similar to the psychogeriatric examination which took place in the 1970s was used together with geriatric anddiagnostic scales. Of 1109 subject who underwent psychiatric examination, 4.9% were diagnosed as demented; 2.3% had psychoses and42.6% displayed non-psychotic mental disorders includingcerebro-vascular psycho-organic (18.7%); sub-depressive (12.6%), personality disorders (S.4%), milddementia (S.6%)ete. Prevelence of mental disorders proved to be higher than in the survey carried out in the 1970s especially for non-psychotic disorders. Psychosis and moderate-severe dementa were about the same. The data obtained suggests that the prevalence of non-psychotic disorders have increased in the elderly which may be due to social and economic changes in Russian society.