Background:The occurrence of AIS is on a high, which necessitates preventive measures at the earliest for which screening is essential at the school level. Prevalence of AIS around the world is 0.4-5.2 %. Scoliosis leads to problems such as cosmetic deformity, quality of life, visible disability, backache, personal growth, autonomy, and reduced respiratory function. These problems can be prevented if scoliosis is diagnosed and treated earlier. To screen for AIS among selected schools and to analyze factors influencing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Methods: A total of 3250 Students between age 11 to 15 years were screened for AIS from Thiruvallur district. The screening was performed at two levels using Adam's forward bend test and scoliometer, respectively. A detailed analysis was performed on symptomatic AIS subjects (n=58) for various influencing factors and determinants.
Results:The prevalence of AIS from 11-15 years was 0.27%, 0.30%, 0.49%, 0.36% and 0.33% respectively. AIS-affected thoracic region (50%) of females (58%) with a predominant right sided curvature (55%). Bag type and weight, sitting posture in a classroom, study posture was found to influence AIS.
Conclusion:This study emphasizes early screening of AIS for school children at the age of 11-15 years based upon the high prevalence rates compared to global standards. Parents and teachers should be aware of the bag type and weight, sitting and studying posture for early prevention of AIS.
Magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca) is one of the essential factors for the insulin to get released from the pancreatic cell. To evaluate the relation of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia in the glycaemic control and to analyse the importance of both Mg and Ca in the insulin secretion mechanism. The study was conducted in the laboratory department, Billroth hospitals. A total of 239 individuals were selected for this study, HbA1c level, serum magnesium and calcium were assessed for all the individuals and in addition to this serum electrolytes were also checked. Out of 239 individuals, 79 were found out as uncontrolled diabetic by calculating HbA1c as a gold standard, males are higher in ratio compared to female. By studying serum magnesium and calcium level, hypocalcaemia is present in more individuals and females (31%) are much prone to both than males (20%). The different correlation was also analysed for hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia. The electrolytes like sodium (Na) and potassium (K) was analysed, females are highly affected by electrolyte imbalance but in hypomagnesemia diabetic individuals the males are high in electrolyte imbalance. Since Mg and Ca plays a vital role in insulin synthesis, secretion, repair, and the alteration, along with the hypoglycaemic agents the supplementation of magnesium or calcium could be suggested via, dietary or drug supplements. In addition to this, regular monitoring of electrolytes is essential to maintain fluid balance.
Sepsis is the occurrence of infection in association with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Bacterial sepsis is one of the major illnesses that shows severe symptoms which leads to organ dysfunction. Procalcitonin (PCT) the precursor of the hormone calcitonin shows a huge impact on the diagnosis of sepsis caused by the bacterial infection. Many studies have also insisted the importance of PCT as a biomarker for sepsis. As early diagnosis is the key factor to overcome the difficulties of the sepsis, PCT acts a prominent diagnostic tool to acquire the desired results. This study focused on the role of PCT in correlation with supporting parameters of the vital organs such as renal markers, liver enzymes and pancreatic enzymes to reduce the organ dysfunction and its complications.
Keywords: Sepsis, procalcitonin, renal markers, liver enzymes, pancreatic enzymes.
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