SummaryDamage to and loss of glomerular podocytes has been identified as the culprit lesion in progressive kidney diseases. Here, we combine mass spectrometry-based proteomics with mRNA sequencing, bioinformatics, and hypothesis-driven studies to provide a comprehensive and quantitative map of mammalian podocytes that identifies unanticipated signaling pathways. Comparison of the in vivo datasets with proteomics data from podocyte cell cultures showed a limited value of available cell culture models. Moreover, in vivo stable isotope labeling by amino acids uncovered surprisingly rapid synthesis of mitochondrial proteins under steady-state conditions that was perturbed under autophagy-deficient, disease-susceptible conditions. Integration of acquired omics dimensions suggested FARP1 as a candidate essential for podocyte function, which could be substantiated by genetic analysis in humans and knockdown experiments in zebrafish. This work exemplifies how the integration of multi-omics datasets can identify a framework of cell-type-specific features relevant for organ health and disease.

Meta-analysis of treatment effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) adjunct to non-surgical scaling and root planing (SRP) in comparison to SRP alone on patients with chronic periodontitis. The meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA statement and Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Electronic search complemented by hand search assured a high yield of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of aPDT as adjunct modality to SRP. Differences in probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals and pooled in a random effects model. Analysis for intra- and inter-study heterogeneity was provided by χ and I tests, and publication bias was checked by funnel plots. Pooled overall effects of 26 RCTs attested significant benefits of aPDT adjunct to SRP with respect to PD reduction (MD 0.37; 95% CI 0.12-0.53; P < 0.0001) and CAL gain (MD 0.33; 95% CI 0.19-0.48; P < 0.00001) after 3 and 6 months. Sensitivity analysis minimized heterogeneity of PD reduction (MD 0.21; 95% CI 0.13-0.30; P < 0.00001) and CAL gain (MD 0.36; 95% CI 0.27-0.46). aPDT adjunct to SRP provides significant PD reduction and CAL gain in treatment of chronic periodontitis. This moderate effect was found after 3 and 6 months which is short from a clinical perspective.

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Catecholamine treatment for hypotension is common practice in neonatal intensive care units. In the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, the positive inotropic action of catecholamines with mainly β‐receptor specificity can lead to excessive hypercontractility and paradoxical hypotension. This reports presents two cases of hypercontractile heart failure during β‐agonist treatment in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. Both patients (27 wk, 5 d; and 26 wk, 6 d of gestation) underwent surgical arterial duct ligation and coarctation repair. After operation they developed arterial hypotension that failed to respond to epinephrine (adrenaline) or dobutamine treatment. Echocardiography demonstrated a complete systolic obliteration of the left ventricular cavity. Epinephrine and dobutamine were stopped, and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) was successfully used to control the hypotension. Conclusion: Treatment of hypotension with β‐agonists in VLBW infants with left ventricular hypertrophy can lead to hypercontractility and left ventricular obliteration with paradoxical hypotension. Careful echocardiographic monitoring is indicated in such cases.

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Background Omnipolar mapping (OT) is a novel tool to acquire omnipolar signals for electro-anatomical mapping, displaying true voltage and real-time wavefront direction and speed independent of catheter orientation. The aim was to analyze previously performed left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) maps for differences using automated OT vs. standard bipolar settings (SD) and HD wave (HDW) algorithm. Methods Previously obtained SD and HDW maps of the LA and LV using a 16-electrode, grid-shaped catheter were retrospectively analyzed by applying automated OT, comparing voltage, point density, pulmonary vein (PV) gaps, and LV scar area. Results In this analysis, 135 maps of 45 consecutive patients (30 treated for LA, 15 for LV arrhythmia) were included. Atrial maps revealed significantly higher point densities using OT (21471) vs. SD (6682) or HDW (12189, p < 0.001). Mean voltage was significantly higher using OT (0.75 mV) vs. SD (0.61 mV) or HDW (0.64 mV, p < 0.001). OT maps detected significantly more PV gaps per patient vs. SD (4 vs. 2), p = 0.001. In LV maps, OT revealed significantly higher point densities (25951) vs. SD (8582) and HDW (17071), p < 0.001. Mean voltage was significantly higher for OT (1.49 mV) vs. SD (1.19 mV) and HDW (1.2 mV), p < 0.001. Detected scar area was significantly smaller using OT (25.3%) vs. SD (33.9%, p < 0.001). Conclusion OT mapping leads to significantly different substrate display, map density, voltage, detection of PV gaps, and scar size, compared to SD and HDW in LA and LV procedures. Successful CA might be facilitated due to true HD maps.