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The full length porcine granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cDNA, including secretion signal peptide coding region was recloned into baculovirus transfer vector pAcYM1. The vector was then transfected with Autographica californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) DNA into SF21AE cells and the recombinant virus AcPGM was recovered. Recombinant porcine GM-CSF (rpGM-CSF) was obtained from the serum-free culture medium of Tn5 cells infected with the AcPGM virus, and was shown to be a glycosylated 21 kDa protein as confirmed by tunicamycin treatment and [3H]-glucosamine uptake. The biological activities of rpGM-CSF in AcPGM-infected cell culture supernatants were demonstrated by porcine bone marrow cell proliferation and haematopoietic cell colony formation assays. The use of rpGM-CSF enabled us to culture porcine monocytes/macrophage and dendritic-like cells, derived from either porcine bone marrow or peripheral blood, for up to 4 months.

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Treatment of rats with 25 mg/kg/day of cyclosporin A suppressed their immune response to skin allografts. Withdrawal of cyclosporin A treatment led to complete recovery of specific immune responsiveness and the time taken for recovery was independent of the duration of treatment. Titration of the dose of cyclosporin A administered in vivo indicated that doses of 12 mg/kg/day or less were not fully immunosuppressive.