ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to assess the growth of conilon coffee tree plantlets that were propagated by grafting and cutting. The experiment was conducted at the plantlet production site of Incaper's Experimental Farm in the city of Marilândia, Espírito Santo State. For grafting, plantlets derived from the seed propagation of Coffea canephora cv. Robusta Tropical (ENCAPER 8151) were used as rootstocks, and six clones of cv. Conilon Vitória (INCAPER 8142) were used as the grafts. The cutting was performed with six clones that were used for grafting. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks of twelve treatments with five repetitions composed of twelve plantlets. On the hundred and fifth day, the averages of the variables were assessed and compared by the Scheffé test at a probability of 5%. The grafted plantlets were superior for almost all of the characteristics assessed, which suggests that it is possible to propagate conilon coffee trees.
To achieve high crop yield in agriculture, the production of plantlets of superior quality is one of the basic prerequisites. For conilon coffee, the current recommendation in the production of clonal plantlets through vegetative propagation is to use diagonal cuttings, in bevel form. However, there are indications that other types of cutting have been successfully used to produce plantlets. In this context, this experiment was conducted with the objective of studying the development of plantlets of conilon coffee obtained by different types of cuttings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The cuttings were obtained from the middle portion of orthotropic stems of standardized plants. The experiment followed a split plot in time design, with three types of cuttings (bevel, sharp bevel and straight) and two times of evaluation, with four repetitions. At 30 and 120 days after planting, plantlets were collected and evaluated. The results show the increase occurred in the variables due to the straight cut when compared to the others, except for stem diameter. Emphasizing in this context, the straight cut promoted an increase in seedling height, production of biomass and in the Dickson's quality index when compared to cuttings in bevel and sharp bevel.
The objective of this study was to better understand the implications of the management of the number of orthotropic stems in Arabica coffee for its cultivation in low-altitude regions (< 500 m), characterizing its effects over the canopy architecture, production and allocation of biomass, photosynthesis and crop yield, as possible strategy for mitigating the stresses of cultivation at low-altitude regions. The experiment was conducted in a region with 124 m of elevation above sea level, studying four treatments with different numbers of orthotropic stems per plant such as one, two, three and four stems. After planting, during the stage of sprout budding, a number of sprouts were established in accordance to the treatments. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with eight repetitions. Parameters of gas exchange, chlorophyll contents, canopy architecture, production and allocation of biomass, and crop yield were evaluated to characterize the plant development. Overall, increasing the number of orthotropic stems per plant promoted leaf density, number of plagiotropic branches per plant, available leaf area per fruit mass, photosynthetic rate, crop yield, proportion of large grains and, possibly, the de-acceleration of the stem aging rate, mainly for the management with four orthotropic stems. It is concluded that the management of the number of orthotropic stems has potential use as a mitigator for the cultivation of Arabica coffee in low-altitude regions, being able to promote higher canopy density and, possibly, enhance microclimate conditions at the canopy level.
The damage caused by the citrus mealybug attack, Planococcus spp., on Coffea canephora crops is becoming more and more frequent, and may cause losses close to 100%. Knowledge of aspects related to pest behavior and adoption of methods to monitor crop incidence are important tools for integrated pest management. Thus, the objective was to study the behavior of citrus mealybug along the phenological stages of C. canephora and to propose methods to monitor its occurrence in the crops. The study was carried out in an area consisting of adult C. canephora plants of the variety Diamante ES 8112. The study was carried out using four sampling methods: 1) soil and root sampling with a probe; 2) opening small trenches; 3) plagiotropic branches and 4) weed sampling. Evaluations were carried out monthly by checking and confirming the presence of citrus mealybug in the sampled regions. The information obtained was used to describe the behavior of citrus mealybug and to analyze the applicability of the monitoring methods studied. In the absence of the reproductive phase, citrus mealybug lodges in the root system of coffee and weeds, in the region close to the colon, moving to the aerial part of the plants (rosettes) at the beginning of the flowering of the crop. Probe sampling was not efficient, while opening small trenches is a difficult procedure and causes damage to the root system of the coffee tree. The sampling of plagiotropic branches and weeds allows the monitoring of citrus mealybug during all the phenological phases of C. canephora.
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